Neuroblastoma presenting as mandibular swelling in a two-year-old girl--a short case report

A case of neuroblastoma first presenting as a mandibular swelling, is described. The more recent aspects of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these lesions are discussed.     

Biochemical abnormalities of rat lingual epithelium following chronic alcohol intake

Slab-gel electrophoresis of lingual epithelial protein preparations showed that in alcoholic animals there was a reduction in the presence of a high molecular-weight glycoprotein and a concomitant increase in two low molecular-weight proteins.     

Potential of Rapid Tooling in Rapid Heat Cycle Molding: A Review

Rapid tooling (RT) and additive manufacturing (AM) are currently being used in several parts of industry, particularly in the development of new products. The demand for timely deliveries of low-cost products in a variety of geometrical patterns is continuing to increase year by year. Increased demand for low-cost materials and tooling, including RT, is driving the demand for plastic and rubber products, along with engineering and product manufacturers. The development of AM and RT technologies has led to significant improvements in the technologies, especially in testing performance for newly developed products prior to the fabrication of hard tooling and low-volume production. On the other hand, the rapid heating cycle molding (RHCM) injection method can be implemented to overcome product surface defects generated by conventional injection molding (CIM), since the surface gloss of the parts is significantly improved, and surface marks such as flow marks and weld marks are eliminated. The most important RHCM technique is rapid heating and cooling of the cavity surface, which somewhat improves part quality while also maximizing production efficiencies. RT is not just about making molds quickly; it also improves molding productivity. Therefore, as RT can also be used to produce products with low-volume production, there is a good potential to explore RHCM in RT. This paper reviews the implementation of RHCM in the molding industry, which has been well established and undergone improvement on the basis of different heating technologies. Lastly, this review also introduces future research opportunities regarding the potential of RT in the RHCM technique.     

硅凝胶襻板式人工晶状体在YAG激光晶状体囊膜切开术后迟发性后脱位

目的:观察白内障手术植入硅凝胶襻板式人工晶状体的稳定性,分析其偏心和后脱位的相关原因。方法-结果:我们报道了3例顺利行白内障超声乳化并硅凝胶襻板式人工晶状体植入手术的患者,在术后发生人工晶状体后脱位。1例出现在因高度前囊收缩行扇形晶状体前囊切开术后4a,另2例分别出现在晶状体后囊切开术后早期和术后3mo。3者均在顺利行晶状体后囊切开术后发生脱离。患者均无外伤病史或其他促发事件。结论:硅凝胶襻板式人工晶状体似乎由于较差的囊粘附性易于脱位,因为它们仅是通过襻的纤维变性融合而固定。如果前囊或后囊破裂,囊收缩产生的力量可以导致放射状撕裂的扩展,进而引起植入晶状体的后脱位。尽管其他类型人工晶状体在这方面优于硅凝胶襻板式人工晶状体,但是已植入此种人工晶状体,在进行YAG激光晶状体囊切开术时,告知他们潜在人工晶状体后脱位风险是术后早期或晚期并发症是非常重要的。     

Tackle Technique and Changes in Playerload™ During a Simulated Tackle: An Exploratory Study

In collision sports, the tackle has the highest injury incidence, and is key to a successful performance. Although the contact load of players has been measured using microtechnology, this has not been related to tackle technique. The aim of this study was to explore how PlayerLoad™ changes between different levels of tackling technique during a simulated tackle. Nineteen rugby union players performed twelve tackles on a tackle contact simulator (n = 228 tackles). Each tackle was recorded with a video-camera and each player wore a Catapult OptimEyeS5. Tackles were analysed using tackler proficiency criteria and split into three categories: Low scoring(≤5 Arbitrary units (AU), medium scoring(6 and 7AU) and high scoring tackles(≥8AU). High scoring tackles recorded a higher PlayerLoad™ at tackle completion. The PlayerLoad™ trace was also less variable in the high scoring tackles. The variability in the PlayerLoad™ trace may be a consequence of players not shortening their steps before contact. This reduced their ability to control their movement during the contact and post-contact phase of the tackle and increased the variability. Using the PlayerLoad™ trace in conjunction with subjective technique assessments offers coaches and practitioners insight into the physical-technical relationship of each tackle to optimise tackle skill training and match preparation. Key points

• In this study, PlayerLoad™ did not differ between low, medium and high technical scoring tackles at the point of contact.
• High technical scoring tackles did however show a higher PlayerLoad™ than low and medium scoring tackles during the tackle completion phase.
• The PlayerLoad™ trace of tackles within the high technical scoring tackles show less variability throughout the tackle which may be consequence of players not shortening their steps before contact, reducing their ability to control their movement during the contact and post-contact phase of the tackle.

Key words: Rugby, microtechnology, collisions, training, injury prevention     

An update on long-acting therapies in chronic sight-threatening eye diseases of the posterior segment: AMD,DMO, RVO,uveitis and glaucoma

In the real-world setting, there is suboptimal compliance with treatments that require frequent administration and assessment visits. This undertreatment frequently has negative consequences in eye disease and carries a real risk to vision. For example, patients with glaucoma risk progression of visual loss even with a small number of missed doses, and patients with neovascular age-related degeneration (nAMD) who fail to attend a bi-monthly clinic appointment to receive an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug injections may lose the initial vision gains in vision. Protracted regular treatment schedules represent a high burden not only for patients and families, but also healthcare professionals, systems, and ultimately society too. There has been a clear need for longer-acting therapies that reduce the frequency, and therefore the burden, of treatment interventions. Several longer-acting interventions for nAMD, diabetic macular oedema, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis and glaucoma have either been developed or are in late-phase development, some of which employ novel mechanisms of actions, and all of which of promise longer (≥3 month) treatment intervals. This review delivers an overview of anti-VEGF agents with longer durations of action, DARPins, bispecific anti-VEGF/Ang2 therapies, anti-PDGF and anti-integrin therapy, Rho-kinase inhibitors, the Port Delivery System, steroids, gene therapy for retina and uveitis, and for glaucoma, ROCK inhibitors, implants and plugs, and SLT laser and MIGS. The review also refers to the potential of artificial intelligence to tailor treatment efficacy with a resulting reduction in treatment burden.Subject terms: Therapeutics, Drug discovery     

Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to improve the accuracy and completeness of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy in order to allow readers to assess the potential for bias in a study and to evaluate the generalizability of its results. METHODS: The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) steering committee searched the literature to identify publications on the appropriate conduct and reporting of diagnostic studies and extracted potential items into an extensive list. Researchers, editors and members of professional organizations shortened this list during a 2-day consensus meeting with the goal of developing a checklist and a generic flow diagram for studies of diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: The search for published guidelines about diagnostic research yielded 33 previously published checklists, from which we extracted a list of 75 potential items. At the consensus meeting, participants shortened the list to a 25-item checklist, by using evidence whenever available. A prototype of a flow diagram provides information about the method of recruitment of patients, the order of test execution and the numbers of patients undergoing the test under evaluation and/or the reference standard. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of research depends on complete and accurate reporting. If medical journals adopt the checklist and the flow diagram, the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy should improve, to the advantage of clinicians, researchers, reviewers, journals and the public.