Functional correlates of Doppler flow study of the female urethral vasculature.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of individual patient factors (age, parity, body mass index, menstrual cycle, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, bladder neck position and urethral mobility) on the appearance of Doppler flow in urethral vessels, to investigate the association between the Doppler flow parameters and intrinsic urethral function, storage and voiding, and to explore differences in the urethral vasculature between subjects with and without urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). METHODS: Over a 4-year period we prospectively performed imaging studies in 355 women, including 244 who denied any lower urinary tract symptoms within the previous 3 months (Group A) and 111 who had had lower urinary tract symptoms (Group B). Studies included morphologic assessment and Doppler flow investigation of the lower urinary tract. Vascular flow velocity and vessel density in the urethral vasculature were measured. For women in Group B, multichannel urodynamic studies were also performed. RESULTS: The urethral vasculature has five main branches of vessels. Their appearance was not affected by the menstrual cycle or menopause except for those of the anterior vaginal vessel and anterior branch of the middle urethral vessel. Other than that of the posterior urethral vessel, in which there was a correlation with parity, the resistance index (RI) was not affected by individual patient factors. However, there was a correlation between the vascular index (VI) and individual factors such as age (r = -0.336, P = 0.002), body mass index (r = -0.287, P = 0.028), menopause (r = -0.402, P < 0.001), and hormone replacement therapy (r = 0.392, P = 0.027). Only the VI and RI of the posterior urethral vessel correlated significantly with the urethral pressure profile. In subjects with lower urinary tract symptoms, the appearance of the urethral vasculature on power Doppler imaging and the corresponding RI and VI values were not correlated with objective evidence of USI. CONCLUSION: Patient factors may affect specific Doppler flow parameters of the urethral vasculature, which are related to intrinsic resting urethral closure. There is no difference in the appearance of the urethral vasculature in subjects with or without USI.     

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]

Sixteen patients (male: 14, female: 2, 41-72 yrs, mean 57.5 yrs) with OSAS were treated by nCPAP in our hospital since 1987. Respiratory disturbance index ranged from 16.5 to 83.1. The longest apnea duration was 35.0-120.5 seconds before the treatment. Two patients were treated with Sleep Easy III (Respironics Inc.) and others with a home made instruments. nCPAP was set at a pressure of 5 to 10 cm H2O. 12 patients (75%) tolerated the device but 4(25%) did not. Polysomnographic parameters before and after nCPAP therapy were compared. The longest apnea duration was 63.1 +/- 23.5 to 40.9 +/- 27.4 seconds (P less than 0.001) and the lowest saturation oxygen was 55.1 +/- 20.4% to 71.4 +/- 18.6% (P less than 0.05). The sleep structure improved but not significant statistically. One of them used nCPAP at home for more than two. years and showed a good long term effect. We concluded that nCPAP is an effective and safe treatment for OSAS. However, patients may be uncomfortable because of the wearing of the nasal mask during sleep.     

Extracting flavonoids from Smilax glabra by microwave-assisted method]

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the process of extracting flavonoids from Smilax glabra. METHODS: Flavonoids were extracted from Smilax glabra by microwave-assisted method, and the extracting time, microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid-solvent ratio and extracting temperature were optimized through single factor experiment and orthogonal test. RESULTS: The optimun process parameters of extracting flavonoids were as follows: the extracting time, microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extracting temperature were 5 minutes, 600 W, 60%, 1:30 and 80 degrees C, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed method has been applied stably and reliably to the extraction of flavonoids from Smilax glabra which has the advantages of high recovery and short extraction time. The recovery, the yield and the content of falvonoids are 93.2%, 2.66% and 32.6%, respectively.     

The outcome of ganglion clipping in hyperhidrosis and blushing

A total of 114 patients with various sympathetic disorders underwent endoscopic sympathetic block over different thoracic ganglions by the clipping method. The advantages of this method include the recognition of the clipped level, changeability, and reversibility. However, 4.4% of patients were unilaterally clipped at the wrong level.     

Primary amyloidosis of the urinary bladder.

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease that usually occurs in the gastrointestinal tract or in muscular or adipose tissue. Primary amyloidosis of the urinary bladder is a rare disease that can mimic bladder cancer on cystoscopic examination as well as in its clinical presentation of painless gross hematuria. This report describes a 49-year-old male with repeated painless gross hematuria, who underwent transurethral resection of a suspected bladder tumor. Pathologic examination revealed papillary urothelial hyperplasia with vascular ectasia and no signs of malignancy. Massive gross hematuria occurred 2.5 years later. Cystoscopy showed multiple papillary lesions with yellowish-brown submucosal plaques on the posterior bladder wall. A second transurethral tumor resection was performed and histologic examination revealed plasma cell infiltration and eosinophilic amorphous deposits in the subepithelial stroma and vascular wall. The deposits were positive for Congo red and apple-green birefringence under polarized light examination but negative for Masson's trichrome stain, indicating that they were not fibrotic in nature. Hence, the diagnosis of amyloidosis of the urinary bladder was confirmed. Screening for amyloidosis was negative in other organ systems and the patient has remained disease-free up to the last follow-up 4 years after the second transurethral resection. Amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent hematuria who have symptoms characteristic of bladder cancer but negative pathologic study for malignancy. Correct diagnosis relies on clinical alertness and the use of a special staining technique during pathologic examination.     

论高校大学生绿色网络环境的营造

介绍了网络文化的迅猛发展对高校大学生的学习方式、生活方式、交往方式产生了巨大冲击,尤其对大学生的身心发展产生了不可忽视的消极影响。指出在高校信息化校园建设中,要加强网络文明的建设,提倡和重视绿色网络,并且从高校大学生的实际出发,努力营造一个健康、文明、有序、安全、具有活力、没有污染的绿色网络环境。     

小肝细胞癌的螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨小肝细胞癌的CT影像表现。方法回顾我院2001年2月-2005年2月经病理证实的12例小肝细胞癌的CT表现。结果通过平扫、动脉期、门脉期及部分延迟扫描均可对小肝细胞癌作出定性诊断。结论螺旋CT作为非创伤性容积扫描技术对小肝细胞癌的早期检出、定位、定性诊断具有十分重要的临床价值。     

影响初级护士资格考试过线率原因的调查与分析

目的了解初级护士资格考试通过情况。方法采用历史性研究方法，对我校近3年参加护士资格考试的188名学生考试情况进行调查。结果护士资格考试通过率低，其中基础知识通过率在4个科目中最低。结论有必要对参加考试的考生进一步强化基础知识的训练，从而提高护士资格考试的过线率。