Histopathological,Histogenetic, and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Epidermoid Cyst of Spleen

Splenic cysts are encountered not uncommonly, but large cysts occupying a significant portion of the spleen are extremely rare. We report a case of a young female patient presenting with a large epidermoid cyst involving the majority of the spleen. The patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained multiple rib fractures and traumatic internal organ injuries. She subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy for grade III splenic lacerations. Incidentally, a 13.3 cm in greatest dimension splenic cyst replacing the majority of the splenic parenchyma was identified. Grossly, the inner lining of cyst was gray-white, smooth, and glistening. Histologically, the thick fibrous cyst wall was composed of stratified squamous epithelium, scattered foci of which were denuded. A panel of properly-controlled immunohistochemical stains was performed and showed the squamous epithelium to be strongly and diffusely immunoreactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19–9, and cytokeratin 5/6, focally immunoreactive with HBME-1, and negative for calretinin. The histomorphological features and immunohisto-chemical staining pattern were consistent with a diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen.     

芒硝外敷联合通腑合剂保留灌肠治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的护理

目的 探讨芒硝外敷联合通腑合剂保留灌肠治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的疗效及护理方法.方法 按随机数字表法将100例早期炎性肠梗阻患者分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组在西医常规治疗的基础上,配合使用芒硝外敷及通腑合剂保留灌肠,对照组则配合生理盐水保留灌肠.结果 治疗后观察组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、中医症候疗效指数、住院时间及临床疗效显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 芒硝外敷联合通腑合剂保留灌肠及西医常规治疗可提高术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗效果.     

肠道微生态与银屑病的中医研究

银屑病是一种常见的以慢性炎性反应为特征的全身心身疾病,与肠道菌群紊乱密切相关。中医的整体观和恒动观与肠道微生态的整体性、动态性特征相契合;"肺与大肠相表里"、"肺主皮毛"、"肠-脑-皮轴"学说,及已有有关中医药维持肠道微生态稳态的研究,为从肠道微生态角度探索银屑病的中医诊治机制提供了依据。将传统中医证候与客观的微生态学相结合,明确不同中医证型肠道微生态的特征性变化,探究可调节此类肠道微生态失调的中药复方制剂或单味药物,通过肠道菌群与中医"方"和"证"结合研究以寻找中医药治疗银屑病的新思路及新方法。     

鼻咽癌调强放疗致急性放射性口干的剂量学研究

目的 探讨鼻咽癌调强放疗所致急性放射性口干与放疗剂量的关系。方法 收集2013年12月至2014年7月接受调强放疗的109例鼻咽癌患者,分析患者的一般临床资料及双侧腮腺、双侧下颌下腺、双侧涎腺(双侧腮腺+双侧下颌下腺)的照射剂量等数据。在放疗结束时根据口干程度把患者分为非重度口干组(57例)和重度口干组(52例),并对两组之间的一般资料以及相关的剂量学因素进行比较分析。记录双侧腮腺接受15~50 Gy照射剂量的体积百分比,采用Logistic多因素回归法分析急性重度口干的独立预测因子,并用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析其诊断界值点。结果 至放疗结束,所有入组患者重度口干的发生率为47.7%(52/109)。临床因素的分析提示年龄、黏膜炎、化疗方式均与急性重度放射性口干的发生无关。非重度口干组和重度口干组剂量学指标比较的结果显示,两组平均剂量差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.179、-6.055、-2.293,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,V₃₄是判断急性重度放射性口干的独立预测因素。V₃₄的ROC曲线表明:V₃₄=49%对重度放射性口干预测的敏感度和特异度分别为71.2%和75.4% (OR=1.231,P<0.05,95%CI:1.116~1.357)。结论 在鼻咽癌调强放疗计划中,双侧腮腺的V₃₄是重度急性放射性口干的独立预测因子,可以作为评估发生急性重度放射性口干发生风险的剂量学指标。     

胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗与预后(附120例报告)

目的探讨胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗方法与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析我院1984年6月～2003年10月手术治疗累及胰腺的胃癌120例。结果本组120例中,根治切除组41例,姑息切除组23例,未切除组56例。根治组41例中经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润者30例,占73.2%,淋巴结转移率为85.4%。其中No10、11淋巴结转移率为73.1%。术后102例得到随访,随访率为85%,1、3、5年的生存率分别为:根治切除组为73%、37%、17%,姑息切除组为22%、9%、4%,未切除组为9%、2%、0%。根治切除组1,3年生存率明显高于姑息性切除组和未切除组(P<0.05),5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01),但与姑息性切除组无显著性差异。姑息性切除组和未切除组1、3年生存率无显著性差异,但5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌累及胰腺的根治切除可提高1,3年生存率,选择合适的适应征是关键。姑息切除有助于改善生存质量,对改善预后意义不大。     

表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨采用表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死的临床效果。方法对11例（14髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期的股骨头坏死患者采用股骨头表面置换术，并对假体的形状进行了改进，其中男7例，女4例，年龄35～49岁。对13例（16髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期股骨头坏死患者采用全髋表面置换术，其中男8例，女5例，年龄23～48岁。结果股骨头表面置换术患者术后随访1～5年，髋关节Harris评分从术前平均39分增至91分；X线片示假体无松动移位，近段股骨和髋臼无骨吸收和骨溶解，髋关节间隙除1例轻度狭窄外余均无磨损征象，无1例翻修。全髋表面置换术患者术后随访6个月～3年4个月，Harris评分从术前平均30分增至93分，有1例因技术原因术后半年假体松动而进行翻修，评为失败。结论表面置换术是治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死较为理想的一种方法。     

胆管癌与肝炎病毒感染相关性研究

目的:调查胆管癌患者血清中肝炎病毒标志物检出率,探讨胆管癌发生与肝炎病毒感染的相关性.方法:收集天津地区11年间3所医院305例胆管癌的临床资料,统计其中肝炎病毒感染率和肝炎病毒危险因素接触状况,调查住院期间血清肝炎病毒标志物检出情况.调查了同期住院的480例良性胆道疾病患者作为对照.结果:胆管癌和良性胆道疾病患者既往乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染率分别为3%和2.5%;29%的胆管癌病例可以检出HBV的血清标志物,而良性胆道疾病病例HBV血清标志物的检出率为21%,二者有显著差异.丙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的血清标志物检出率在胆管癌为4.3%,在良性胆道疾病为5.6%,二者比较无差别.结论:胆管癌患者中并发HBV感染率较高,HBV感染与胆管癌的发生可能存在一定的关系.由于HCV的检测指标单一,目前尚不能排除胆管癌发生与HCV感染无关.     

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF)

Identification of novel markers would contribute to the individualised risk assessment and development of a risk prediction model. This study aimed to investigate the role of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) of lumbar degenerative diseases. This study enrolled patients who underwent PLIF and instrumentation for treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases between 2015 and 2020. Electronic medical records were inquired for data collection, with follow-up register for identifying SSI cases. The optimal cut-off for CAR was determined by constructing the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Patients with high- or low-CAR value were compared using the univariate analyses, and the association between CAR and the risk of SSI was investigated using multivariate logistics regression analysis. A total of 905 patients were enrolled, twenty-nine (3.2%) had developed an SSI with 72.4% occurring during index hospitalisation, and 11 (1.2%) had deep and 18 (2.0%) superficial SSIs. An SSI was associated with additional 10.7 days of index total hospital stay (P = .001). The CAR was 0–5.43 (median, 0.05), and the optimal cut-off was 0.09 and area under the curve was 0.720 (P < .001). 336 (37.1%) patients had a CAR ≥0.09 and 22 (6.5%) developed an SSI, with a crude risk of 5.6 relative to those with a low CAR. The multivariate analyses showed CAR ≥0.09 was associated with 8.06-fold increased risk of SSI, together with diabetes (P = .018), while hypertension was identified as a protective factor (OR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.11–1.00, P = .049). High CAR is found to significantly predict the incident SSI following instrumented PLIF of lumbar degenerative diseases, and can be considered as a useful index in practice only after it is verified by future high-level evidences.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术治疗

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术方法及术后抗凝治疗。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的ＳＤＡＶＦ１９例,其中胸腰段１４例,骶部５例。手术方法包括：１４例胸腰段者于瘘口水平切断引流静脉。其中１１例可见硬膜外小供血动脉闭,同时电凝。骶部ＡＶＦ均于Ｌ５～Ｓ１水平切断引流静脉。９例行术后抗凝治疗。结果１６例术后脊髓功能改善,其中２例短暂好转后加重,经抗凝治疗后恢复。１例无改变,１例因过度抗凝出现术野血肿,１例残留ＡＶＦ。结论切断连接瘘口及冠状静脉丛的引流静脉是治疗ＳＤＡＶＦ的有效方法。术后抗凝可治疗及预防冠状静脉丛内血栓形成     

自噬活性的降低增加人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性

目的 研究自噬与人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性之间的关系。方法 采用慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术建立稳定沉默自噬相关基因ATG5的人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞系,实验分为未转染的CNE-2细胞组(对照组)、转染NC-shRNA的CNE-2细胞组(NC组)及转染ATG5-shRNA的CNE-2细胞组(ATG5组),应用CCK-8法、流式细胞术及克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖、凋亡及放射敏感性的变化。结果 CCK-8实验结果显示,与对照组和NC组相比,各剂量点ATG5组的细胞存活率均显著降低(F=3.755、46.086、8.609、44.160,P<0.05),绘制细胞生存曲线可见下调ATG5的表达后可以增加CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性;流式细胞术结果显示,经6 Gy X射线照射后,ATG5组细胞的凋亡率较NC组及对照组明显升高(F=394.876,P<0.05);克隆形成实验结果提示沉默ATG5基因可增加鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性。结论 降低鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的自噬活性可以增强其放射敏感性。