Mapping of 5' ends of virion-derived HBV DNA.

Mapping of the 5' ends of virion-derived hepatitis B virus DNA molecules was carried out after cloning and sequencing linearized genomes made fully double stranded. Of five clones obtained, three of four minus strand termini mapped to the G in position 1826 and one to the T in position 1827. Plus strand 5' ends were more heterogeneous with evidence from one clone for the presence of an RNA-translocated primer from the 5' end of pregenomic RNA as well as two other termini, mapped to positions 1599 and 1601, the second 3' nucleotide of DR2 and the first nucleotide 3' to DR2, respectively. These molecules were also shown to be functional templates for expression of HBcAg after tranfection or microinjection of Huh-7 human hepatoma cells.     

Acute volaemic changes modify the gastroduodenal resistance to the flow of saline in anaesthetized dogs

The effect of acute and sequential volaemic changes on the gastroduodenal flow of saline was assessed in 23 anaesthetized dogs following two different experimental protocols. Hypervolaemia, by i. v. infusion of saline, induced a gradual decrease on gastroduodenal flow which amounted to 76% below control values (P < 0.001) when volaemic expansion attained 5% of body weight. This effect was volume dependent (17% increase on gastroduodenal flow per volume of infused saline equivalent to 0.5% of body weight, P < 0.001), lasted for at least 90 minutes after infusion was completed and was also obtained by expanding previously bled animals. Hypovolaemia due to bleeding was followed by an increase on gastroduodenal flow of about 88% above control values (P < 0.05) when haemorrhage was equal to 3% of body weight. This effect was also volume dependent (23 % increase on gastroduodenal flow per volume of blood shed equivalent to a 0.5% of body weight, P < 0.01) and was reversed after blood volume was restored. These modifications in the resistance of the gastroduodenal segment to the flow of liquid due to acute volaemic changes suggest that the extracellular fluid volume modulates the contractile activity of the gastroduodenal portion of the gut possibly to set a gastroduodenal handling of liquid adequate to cope with volaemic imbalances.     

监护仪器的发展状态

从监护信号的测量装置和技术、监护信息集成、远程监护技术、血液生化指标的监护等几个方面讨论了监护仪器的发展状态。     

特殊药品管理方法探讨

笔者结合单位的做法和体会,对医疗单位等在特殊药品使用管理中存在的问题,提出特殊药品的管理应法制化、职责化、程序化、档案化及提高业务素质、奖优罚劣的管理方法。     

眼科手术表面与球后麻醉比较的临床研究

目的：评价表面麻醉(表麻)下行内眼手术的安全性及可行性。方法：随机抽取表麻下内眼手术300眼与球后麻醉下内眼手术288眼，对两组术中、术后并发症进行对比。结果：表麻下与球后麻醉下内眼手术效果，术中、术后并发症的发生率无显著性差异，但表麻可以最大限度减少因麻醉带来的术中、术后并发症，使内眼手术更加安全快捷。结论：表麻下行内眼手术是可行的、安全的。     

128对不育夫妇血清、精浆抗精浆免疫抑制物抗体与精液检查关系的分析

我们检测了８９对生育夫妇和１２８对不育夫妇血清、精浆中抗精浆免疫抑制物抗体（ＳＰＩ—Ａｂ）的水平。结果表明，不育夫妇血清、精浆ＳＰＩＭ—Ａｂ的水平和检出率均明显高于生育组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；精浆ＳＰＩＭ—Ａｂ水平增高者的精子密度、精子活率、精子运动速度和ＳＰＩＭ活性均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：ＳＰＩＭ—Ａｂ水平增加可能影响生育。     

99Tcm直接法标记血管抑素

目的: 探索用99Tcm直接标记血管抑素(angiostatin, AS)的方法,并研究标记产物的体外稳定性及其生物活性. 方法:制备的AS经鉴定后,分别用2-巯基乙醇(2-ME)和氯化亚锡(SnCl2)还原法进行标记,并用正交设计筛选最佳合成条件;对标记产物用纸层析法及Sephadex G-50层析柱分离测标记率;产物中分别加入牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、生理盐水及不同摩尔比的半胱氨酸(Cys)以观察其体外稳定性;用人脐静脉内皮细胞系ECV304观察其生物活性. 结果:2-ME法最佳标记条件为AS 100 μg,PB(0.5 mol*L-1, pH 7.3) 1 mL, 2-ME 100 μg, 亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)(用1 mL生理盐水溶解) 10 μL,加入99TcmO4- 185 MBq,标记率可达(97.0±1.5)%; SnCl2法为AS 100 μg,硼酸缓冲液(0.1 mol*L-1, pH 9.0) 1 mL, 20 g*L-1 SnCl2 (1 mol*L-1盐酸作为溶剂) 20 μL加入MDP药盒,用去氧水稀释至1 mL, 取20 μL,加入99TcmO4- 185 MBq,标记率可达(90.0±3.0)%. 产物在体外稳定;细胞培养观察其抑制内皮细胞生物活性与AS无显著差异. 结论:用99Tcm直接法标记AS简单高效,且对AS生物活性无明显影响.     

脑血管造影和介入治疗过程中脑动脉痉挛的发生和治疗

目的探索脑血管造影和介入治疗过程中脑血管痉挛(CVS)的发生、表现和治疗效果。方法400例患者经股动脉穿刺对双侧颈内动脉、椎动脉等行数字减影血管造影检查共470例次,其中,52例在造影后接受了介入治疗。造影剂为含碘300mg/mL的非离子型造影剂。对造影和治疗过程中出现重度CVS者经导管注入0.3%罂粟碱10mL解痉。结果造影和介入治疗过程中CVS的发生率为17.7%(83/470),其表现为颈动脉管壁不光整,呈波浪状14例(16.9%),颈动脉管腔轻度变窄36例(43.4%),中度25例(30.1%),重度6例(7.2%),颈内动脉不显影2例(2.4%)。轻至中度CVS未作特殊治疗,无不良反应或后遗症发生;8例重度痉挛者经导管注入罂粟碱后6例明显缓解,1例遗留后遗症,1例病死。结论脑血管造影和介入治疗过程中CVS的发生率不容忽视,造影剂的高渗刺激、导管导丝机械性刺激和血管内压力改变是CVS的高危因素,动脉内注入罂粟碱有良好的解痉作用。