医用电子仪器专业存在问题与解决方案的探索

医用电子仪器专业是一门新兴的交叉边沿性学科，分析近年来医电专业开设过程中所存在的问题．并对解决方案进行了探讨。     

circ_0006089 promotes gastric cancer growth,metastasis, glycolysis,and angiogenesis by regulating miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1

Circular RNA (circRNA) participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of circ_0006089 in GC progression and its underlying molecular mechanism need to be further revealed. Quantitative real‐time PCR was utilized for detecting circ_0006089, microRNA (miR)‐361‐3p and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFB1) expression. The interaction between miR‐361‐3p and circ_0006089 or TGFB1 was confirmed using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were determined using colony formation assay, EdU assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay. Cell glycolysis was evaluated by detecting glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels. In addition, western blot (WB) analysis was used to measure protein expression. Xenograft tumor models were used to assess the effect of circ_0006089 knockdown on GC tumorigenesis. circ_0006089 had been found to be upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and it could act as an miR‐361‐3p sponge. circ_0006089 knockdown suppressed GC proliferation, metastasis, glycolysis, angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis, while this effect could be revoked by miR‐361‐3p inhibitor. TGFB1 was targeted by miR‐361‐3p, and its overexpression reversed the effects of miR‐361‐3p on GC cell function. Also, circ_0006089 promoted TGFB1 expression via sponging miR‐361‐3p. Animal experiments showed that silenced circ_0006089 inhibited GC tumorigenesis through the miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 pathway. Our results revealed that the circ_0006089/miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 axis contributed to GC progression, confirming that circ_0006089 might be a potential therapeutic target for GC.     

原发性肝癌Twist基因表达的研究

目的：研究Twist基因在人原发性肝癌（primary liver cancer,PLC）组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学SABC染色方法检测45例PLC组织及癌旁组织中Twist蛋白并采用RT-PCR对TwistmR-NA的表达进行分析研究。结果：PLC组织、癌旁组织及正常肝组织中Twist的阳性表达率分别为80.0%、57.8%和22.2%。PLC和癌旁组织与正常对照肝组织中Twist的表达相比较差异均有统计学意义,P〈0.05。肿瘤包膜也可见Twist表达。RT-PCR检测Twist结果显示,PLC组织中Twist mRNA表达显著上调。结论：PLC组织中高表达转录因子Twist对肿瘤的发生、发展起着重要作用。     

Pan‐cancer analysis reveals sex‐specific signatures in the tumor microenvironment

The processes of cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy are affected by the sex of cancer patients. Immunotherapy responses largely depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), but how sex may shape some TME features, remains unknown. Here, we analyzed immune infiltration signatures across 19 cancer types from 1771 male and 1137 female patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate how sex may affect the tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune scores, stromal scores, tumor purity, immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and functional pathways in the TME. Pan‐cancer analyses showed higher TMB and tumor purity scores, as well as lower immune and stromal scores in male patients as compared to female patients. Lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, kidney papillary carcinoma, and head and neck squamous carcinoma showed the most significant sex biases in terms of infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, and functional pathways. We further focused on lung adenocarcinoma samples in order to identify and validate sex‐specific immune cell biomarkers with prognostic potential. Overall, sex may affect the tumor microenvironment, and sex‐specific TME biomarkers may help tailor cancer immunotherapy in certain cancer types.     

脊柱外科手术患者临床数据库系统应用体会

南京鼓楼医院脊柱外科于2002年建立并开始应用脊柱外科手术患者临床数据库系统.文章回顾总结脊柱外科手术患者临床数据库系统的应用体会,供参考.     

Association of body mass index with risk of prediabetes in Chinese adults: A population‐based cohort study

Aims/IntroductionOverweight and obesity in adults are strongly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, and this study set out to gain a better understanding of the optimal body mass index (BMI) range for assessing the risk of prediabetes in the Chinese population.Materials and MethodsThe cohort study included 100,309 Chinese adults who underwent health screening. Participants were divided into six groups based on the cut‐off point for BMI recommended by the World Health Organization (underweight: <18.5 kg/m², normal‐weight: 18.5–24.9 kg/m², pre‐obese: 25.0–29.9 kg/m², obese class I: 30.0–34.9 kg/m², obese class II: 35.0–39.9 kg/m², and obese class III ≥40 kg/m²). The association of BMI with prediabetes and the shape of the correlation were modeled using multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline regression, respectively.ResultsIn the multivariate Cox regression model, with normal weight as the control group, underweight people had a lower risk of developing prediabetes, whereas obese and pre‐obese people had a higher risk of prediabetes. Additionally, in the restricted cubic spline model, we found that the association of BMI with prediabetes follows a positive dose–response relationship, but does not conform to the pattern of obesity paradox. Among the general population in China, a BMI of 23.03 kg/m² might be a potential intervention threshold for prediabetes.ConclusionsThe national cohort study found that the association of BMI with prediabetes follows a positive dose–response relationship, rather than a pattern of obesity paradox. For Chinese people with normal weight, more attention should be paid to glucose metabolism when BMI exceeds 23.03 kg/m².     

家庭参与式一体化照护对早产儿生长发育 及家庭照护能力的影响

目的 探讨基于家庭参与式护理模式的一体化照护对早产儿生长发育及家庭照护能力的影响。方法 选取74例早产儿及其家庭作为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组各37例。对照组接受早产儿常规护理;干预组接受基于家庭参与式护理模式的一体化照护方案,由专业照护团队在早产儿出生时、出生后及出院后提供全程一体化照护支持服务。比较两组早产儿的生长发育、母乳喂养情况及早产儿家庭照护能力。结果 两组各36例完成全程随访。两组早产儿在出生时、1月龄、3月龄身长、体质量、头围比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。干预组早产儿在出院前、1月龄、3月龄的纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组,且干预组父母在出院时家庭照护能力评分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 基于家庭参与式护理模式的一体化照护能够有效促进早产儿纯母乳喂养、提高早产儿家庭照护能力,为早产儿顺利过渡至家庭照护提供有利保障。     

Exosomes Derived from Glioma Cells under Hypoxia Promote Angiogenesis through Up-regulated Exosomal Connexin 43

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor. Exosomes derived from glioma cells under a hypoxic microenvironment play an important role in tumor biology including metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of connexin 43 on exosomal uptake and angiogenesis in glioma under hypoxia. U251 cells were exposed to 3% oxygen to achieve hypoxia, and the expression levels of HIF-1α and Cx43, involved in the colony formation and proliferation of cells were assessed. Exosomes were isolated by differential velocity centrifugation from U251 cells under normoxia and hypoxia (Nor-Exos and Hypo-Exos), respectively. Immunofluorescence staining, along with assays for CCK-8, tube formation and wound healing along with a transwell assay were conducted to profile exosomal uptake, proliferation, tube formation, migration and invasion of HUVECs, respectively. Our results revealed that Hypoxia significantly up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α in U251 cells as well as promoting proliferation and colony number. Hypoxia also increased the level of Cx43 in U251 cells and in the exosomes secreted. The uptake of Dio-stained Hypo-Exos by HUVECs was greater than that of Nor-Exos, and inhibition of Cx43 by ^37,43gap27 or lenti-Cx43-shRNA efficiently prevented the uptake of Hypo-Exos by recipient endothelial cells. In addition, the proliferation and total loops of HUVECs were remarkably increased at 24 h, 48 h, and 10 h after Hypo-Exos, respectively. Notably, ^37,43gap27, a specific Cx-mimetic peptide blocker of Cx37 and Cx43, efficiently alleviated Hypo-Exos-induced proliferation and tube formation by HUVECs. Finally, ^37,43gap27 also significantly attenuated Hypo-Exos-induced migration and invasion of HUVECs. These findings demonstrate that exosomal Cx43 contributes to glioma angiogenesis mediated by Hypo-Exos, and suggests that exosomal Cx43 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.