Discovery and Genomic Function of a Novel Rice Dwarf-Associated Bunya-like Virus

Bunyaviruses cause diseases in vertebrates, arthropods, and plants. Here, we used high-throughput RNA-seq to identify a bunya-like virus in rice plants showing the dwarfing symptom, which was tentatively named rice dwarf-associated bunya-like virus (RDaBV). The RDaBV genome consists of L, M, and S segments. The L segment has 6562 nt, and encodes an RdRp with a conserved Bunya_RdRp super family domain. The M segment has 1667 nt and encodes a nonstructural protein (NS). The complementary strand of the 1120 nt S segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N), while its viral strand encodes a small nonstructural protein (NSs). The amino acid (aa) sequence identities of RdRp, NS, and N between RDaBV and viruses from the family Discoviridae were the highest. Surprisingly, the RDaBV NSs protein did not match any viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp indicated that RDaBV is evolutionarily close to viruses in the family Discoviridae. The PVX-expressed system indicated that RDaBV N and NS may be symptom determinants of RDaBV. Our movement complementation and callose staining experiment results confirmed that RDaBV NSs is a viral movement protein in plants, while an agro-infiltration experiment found that RDaBV NS is an RNA silencing suppressor. Thus, we determined that RDaBV is a novel rice-infecting bunya-like virus.     

中国八城市老年人能量及蛋白质摄入与肌肉衰减症的关系

目的 探究中国八城市老年人能量、蛋白质摄入水平与肌肉衰减症的关系.方法 数据来源于2016年的"中国城市成年人群膳食与健康关系研究".采用立意抽样和多阶段整群抽样相结合的方法,抽取65岁及以上研究对象427人,采用问卷调查的方法获得社会人口学特征和生活习惯,采用24小时膳食回顾调查法获得调查对象膳食摄入情况并根据《中国...     

Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Ultimate-Strength Heterogeneity on Crack Propagation and Fracture Toughness in Welded Joints

The mechanical properties of dissimilar metal-welded joint materials are heterogeneous, which is an obstacle to the safety evaluation of key welded structures. The variation of stress–strain conditions at the crack tip caused by mismatch of material mechanical properties in dissimilar metal-welded joints is an important factor affecting crack propagation behavior. To understand the influence of uneven distribution of ultimate strength of the base metal and the welded metal on the crack propagation path, fracture toughness, as well as the mechanical field at the crack tip in the small-scale yield range, the user-defined field variable subroutine method is used to express continuous variation characteristics of welded joint ultimate strength in finite element software. In addition, the J-integral during crack propagation is calculated, and the effect of the ultimate strength on the J-integral and the stress field at the crack tip are analyzed. The results show that as the crack propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of ultimate strength, the gradient of ultimate strength increases from |G_y|= 50 to |G_y|= 100 MPa/mm, the crack deflection angle increases by 0.018%, and the crack length increases by 1.46%. The fracture toughness of the material decreased slightly during crack propagation. Under the condition that the crack propagation direction is the same as the direction of ultimate strength, the crack propagation path is a straight line. As the gradient of ultimate strength increases from G_x = 50 to G_x = 100 MPa/mm, the crack propagation length decreases by 5.17%, and the slope of fracture toughness curve increases by 51.63%. On the contrary, as the crack propagates to the low ultimate strength side, the crack propagation resistance decreases, the ultimate strength gradient increases from G_x = −100 to G_x = −50 MPa/mm, and the slope of the fracture toughness curve decreases by 51.01%. It is suggested to consider the relationship between crack growth behavior and ultimate strength when designing and evaluating the structural integrity of cracks at the material interface of dissimilar metal-welded joints.     

住院患者VTE标准化防治管理体系构建与应用

静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）防治是一项系统工程。围绕评估表单、救治流程、防治标准、监控指标等,分析VTE防治指南,采集医院业务系统患者基础数据,结合专家咨询,探索构建包含制度体系、组织体系、防治体系、评价体系和指标体系的VTE标准化防治管理体系。应用后,VTE风险评估率提升了93.64个百分点,出血评估率提升了99.36个百分点,预防率提升了63.68个百分点,治疗率提升了19.58个百分点,并发症发生率降低了0.05个百分点,实现了全面评估、规范预防、准确诊断与合理治疗,有效降低了医疗风险,提升了医疗质量,确保了患者安全。     

牵伸支具对颞下颌关节盘锚固术后患者开口受限的作用评价

目的 :探讨颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者行关节盘复位锚固术后,使用颞下颌关节牵伸支具治疗开口受限的疗效。方法:选择67例颞下颌关节盘锚固术后开口受限患者,其中支具牵伸组32例,对照组35例。对照组进行常规居家康复训练,支具组接受常规居家康复训练加颞下颌关节牵伸支具牵伸。评估患者治疗前与治疗6周后的最大主动开口度、疼痛评分以及下颌功能受限评分(JFLS-8)。采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果:随访结果显示,2组患者最大开口度与下颌功能受限评分均显著改善。支具组最大主动开口度(36.7 mm)显著大于对照组(29.1 mm,P<0.05),支具组JFLS-8评分(7.3)显著低于对照组(11.2,P<0.05)。结论 :牵伸支具的使用对颞下颌关节盘锚固术后患者开口度增加及功能改善有很好疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

Patulin Detoxification by Recombinant Manganese Peroxidase from Moniliophthora roreri Expressed by Pichia pastoris

The fungal secondary metabolite patulin is a mycotoxin widespread in foods and beverages which poses a serious threat to human health. However, no enzyme was known to be able to degrade this mycotoxin. For the first time, we discovered that a manganese peroxidase (MrMnP) from Moniliophthora roreri can efficiently degrade patulin. The MrMnP gene was cloned into pPICZα(A) and then the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33. The recombinant strain produced extracellular manganese peroxidase with an activity of up to 3659.5 U/L. The manganese peroxidase MrMnP was able to rapidly degrade patulin, with hydroascladiol appearing as a main degradation product. Five mg/L of pure patulin were completely degraded within 5 h. Moreover, up to 95% of the toxin was eliminated in a simulated patulin-contaminated apple juice after 24 h. Using Escherichia coli as a model, it was demonstrated that the deconstruction of patulin led to detoxification. Collectively, these traits make MrMnP an intriguing candidate useful in enzymatic detoxification of patulin in foods and beverages.     

神经学科青年医师人才培养策略探讨

目的 探讨神经学科青年人才培养策略.方法 以2015-2019年在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经学科入职的青年医师为研究对象,收集其年龄、性别、工作经历、学习经历、职称等资料,对其入职后科研成果(科技论文、纵向课题)进行分析.结果 共纳入75人,神经学科青年入职人员以国内院校博士学历和临床型毕业生为主,入职后共发表文...     

特布他林雾化液对婴幼儿阻塞性通气障碍肺功能的影响

目的 对惠有阻塞性通气障碍的婴幼儿在应用特布他林雾化液治疗前后的肺功能数据进行评估分析.方法 将136例阻塞性通气障碍的婴幼儿随机分为2组,对照组67例给予常规治疗,治疗组69例在常规治疗基础上加用硫酸特布他林雾化液氧气雾化吸入,每次1 mL,每日2次,治疗5 d.比较治疗前后肺功能指标的变化情况.结果 治疗后对照组达峰时间比(tPTEF/tE)为(21.62±3.03)%、达峰容积比(VPEF/VE)为(25.19 ±4.29)%、吸呼时间比(tI/tE)为(0.62±0.08),均低于治疗组,呼吸频率(RR)为(39.03±5.66)次/mm,高于治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 特布他林雾化液可有效应用于婴幼儿阻塞性通气障碍相关性疾病的治疗.     

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Inhibitory Effects of Plant-Derived Sterilants on Rodent Population Abundance

Owing to their low minimal environmental risk and other ethical considerations, plant-derived sterilants are used to control rodent populations. However, the effects of plant-derived sterilants are not immediate, and their efficacy on rodent control is controversial, which negatively affects sterilant research and application. Here, a meta-analysis of the available literature was conducted to evaluate the effects of two plant-derived sterilants, triptolide and curcumol, on rodent populations. Using a random-effects and a fixed-effects model, we calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and relative risk (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). After the application of plant-derived sterilants, the rodent population density tended to decrease. Three outcome-related measures in rodents, i.e., capture rate (RR = 0.31, 95% CI [0.20, 0.47]), pregnancy rate (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.40, 0.61]), and sperm survival rate (WMD = −17.53, 95% CI [−28.96, −6.06]), significantly decreased, as shown by a significant reduction of ovarian, uterine, and testicular organ coefficients. However, the number of effective rodent holes did not change significantly after the interventions, indicating that the studied sterilants did not directly eradicate the rodent populations. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the inhibitory mechanisms of plant-derived sterilants on rodent populations and for the rational use of these sterilants.     

机器人、腹腔镜以及开腹肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的对比研究

目的:探讨比较机器人、腹腔镜、开腹肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的安全性和有效性.方法:回顾性分析2019年5月-2020年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肝胆外科接受达芬奇机器人辅助肝段切除手术治疗的肝内胆管结石患者23例,同时纳入腹腔镜手术(20例)、开腹手术(25例)治疗的肝内胆管结石患者作为对照,比较3组患者基本临床...