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AUDREY A. SPINDLER PhD RD MARIAN J. RENVALL MS RD JEANNE F. NICHOLS PhD JOE W. RAMSDELL MD 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1996,96(10):1013-1018
Objective To describe the effects of activity level and energy intake over time on the body weight of patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with cognitively normal subjects.Design Repeated measures, case-control design with measurements taken at quarterly intervals for 12 months. Subjects were grouped by gender and activity level (sedentary or active) within cognitive status.Setting The Alzheimer's disease Special Care Unit, The Clinical Research Center at University of California, San Diego, and the Fred Kasch Exercise Physiology Laboratories at San Diego State University.Patients Seventeen institutionalized subjects with Alzheimer's disease and 23 community-dwelling control subjects successfully completed the 1-year study.Measurements Before admission to the nursing home, the patients with Alzheimer's disease had a formal assessment for dementia, which showed that they met the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association work group for probable or possible Alzheimer's disease. Control subjects were screened using the Information-Memory-Concentration Mental Status Test and were found to have no cognitive disabilities. Baseline and quarterly measurements included height, weight, bioimpedance for body composition, and activity by accelerometer counts. Dietary intake of energy and protein was determined at baseline and at 6 and 12 months.Results Patients with Alzheimer's disease had a significantly higher energy intake than patients in the control group. Both women and men with Alzheimer's disease maintained their weight. Women with Alzheimer's disease had higher percentage of fat-free mass than the control group, but there were no differences in body composition between the groups of men.Conclusion Subjects with Alzheimer's disease can maintain their weight if they are given a diet with adequate energy (35 kcal/kg of body weight). J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:1013-1018. 相似文献
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Recent research indicates that n-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential nutrients in early human development. In human infants, nonhuman primates, and animal models, the n-3 FA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is highly concentrated in brain and retinal tissues and accumulates during late fetal and early neonatal life. Diets deficient in n-3 FAs are associated with reduced levels of DHA in erythrocytes and brain and retinal tissues and with abnormalities in retinal function that may be irreversible. The precursor of DHA, α-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), may be an inadequate substitute for DHA because LNA may not be converted to DHA in sufficient amounts to meet an infant's needs. Premature infants lose DHA from their tissues unless they are fed human milk or formula supplemented with DHA. fish and shellfish are the main food sources of DHA. Women who consume fish have more DHA in their breast milk than do those who do not eat seafood. Infant formulas contain only LNA as a source of n-3 FAs. Pregnant and nursing women should be encouraged to consume seafood on a regular basis during pregnancy and lactation to furnish DHA for their infants. 相似文献
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