Characteristics of cellular and humoral immune responses after immunization with different rabies vaccines

Three rabies vaccines were compared: 1. the Fermi type vaccine, a phenol-treated suspension of brain tissue from infected sheep; 2. a virus grown in sheep brain, purified from the contaminating material to 85-90% and inactivated with beta-propiolactone; 3. and the MNIIP-74 strain cultured in Japanese quail embryo cells and inactivated with beta-propiolactone. A single immunization of mice with any of the preparations resulted in about 50% inhibition of splenocyte migration after 2 days; by day 15 the inhibition was 95-98%. By day 45 the migration index returned to the initial level. Increased ability to blast transformation in splenocytes was found by day 15, reached the maximum (160 to 212% of the control level taken for 100%) by day 30, and then began to decrease. The most marked change in blast transformation was brought about by the purified cerebral vaccine, while the less marked one by the tissue culture vaccine. The titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies reached a maximum after 15-30 days, 60 days after immunization it dropped twice. The resistance of mice to intracerebral infection with the rabies virus shortly after immunization might be due to cellular protective factors, while at later intervals it correlated with the level of virus-neutralizing antibodies.     

MRI evaluation of the levator ani muscle: anatomic correlations and practical applications

Summary A comparative study of serial anatomic sections in the transverse, frontal and sagittal planes with corresponding MRI sections of the pelvis allowed the authors to define the most suitable sectional planes and MRI modes for a morphologic study of the levator ani muscle. This study shows the value of MRI examination in the assessment of anorectal malformations.

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Les muscles elevateurs de l'anus en IRM. Corrélations anatomiques et applications pratiques

Résumé A partir de l'étude comparative de coupes anatomiques dans les plans transversal, frontal, sagittal et des coupes IRM correspondantes du petit bassin, les auteurs déterminent quels sont les plans de coupe et les modes IRM les plus performants pour l'étude morphologique des muscles élévateurs de l'anus. Cette étude montre l'intérêt de l'examen IRM dans le bilan des malformations ano-rectales opérées.

     

银耳多糖对小鼠脾细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

为进一步探讨银耳多糖(TP)免疫调节作用的机制,建立了特异性荧光探针Fura-2测定脾细胞内游离钙离子浓度的方法,观察TP对脾细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响。结果表明,TP在一定剂量范围内可以剂量依赖方式增加脾细胞内游离钙离子的浓度,并与ConA有协同作用。在外钙为零时,TP对内钙释放无影响,钙通道阻断剂维拉帕米(verapamil 10μg·mL^-1)可阻断TP升高脾细胞内游离钙离子浓度的作用。     

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is a potential risk factor for gastric cancer. However, findings from cohort studies that examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk among Japanese population are not conclusive.MethodsA total of 54,682 Japanese men and women participating in the Japan Collaborative Cohort study completed a questionnaire, including alcohol consumption information. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAfter a median 13.4-year follow-up, we documented 801 men and 466 women incident cases of gastric cancer. Alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer among men (HRs in ex-drinkers and current alcohol consumption of <23 g, 23–<46 g, 46–<69 g, and ≥69 g/d categories versus never drinkers were 1.82; 95% CI, 1.38–2.42, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10–1.80, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.17–1.85, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.48–2.38, and 1.85; 95% CI, 1.35–2.53, respectively, and that for 10 g increment of alcohol consumption after excluding ex-drinkers was 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.10). The association in men was observed for cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer (HRs in the highest alcohol consumption category versus never drinkers were 9.96; 95% CI, 2.22–44.67 for cardia cancer and 2.40; 95% CI, 1.64–3.52 for non-cardia cancer). However, no such trend was observed in women.ConclusionsAlcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer among Japanese men, regardless of anatomical subsite of the cancer.Key words: gastric cancer, alcohol, JACC study     

The FGF14(F145S) mutation disrupts the interaction of FGF14 with voltage-gated Na+ channels and impairs neuronal excitability

Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) belongs to the intracellular FGF homologous factor subfamily of FGF proteins (iFGFs) that are not secreted and do not activate tyrosine kinase receptors. The iFGFs, however, have been shown to interact with the pore-forming (alpha) subunits of voltage-gated Na+ (Na(v)) channels. The neurological phenotypes seen in Fgf14-/- mice and the identification of an FGF14 missense mutation (FGF14(F145S)) in a Dutch family presenting with cognitive impairment and spinocerebellar ataxia suggest links between FGF14 and neuronal functioning. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of FGF14(F145S) reduces Na(v) alpha subunit expression at the axon initial segment, attenuates Na(v) channel currents, and reduces the excitability of hippocampal neurons. In addition, and in contrast with wild-type FGF14, FGF14(F145S) does not interact directly with Na(v) channel alpha subunits. Rather, FGF14(F145S) associates with wild-type FGF14 and disrupts the interaction between wild-type FGF14 and Na(v) alpha subunits, suggesting that the mutant FGF14(F145S) protein acts as a dominant negative, interfering with the interaction between wild-type FGF14 and Na(v) channel alpha subunits and altering neuronal excitability.     

雷酚内酯的结构修正

雷公藤别名黄藤,系卫矛科植物雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.)。其根有舒筋活血,祛风湿,消肿止痛的功效,多用于类风湿关节炎的治疗。根皮中含有生物碱、甙、萜以及其它成分,其中多种二萜内酯成分有抗肿瘤活性和免疫     

Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology,biology, host interactions,cancer development,prevention, and therapeutics

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It is caused by the HPV, a DNA virus that infects epithelial cells in various mucous membranes and skin surfaces. HPV can be categorised into high-risk and low-risk types based on their association with the development of certain cancers. High-risk HPV types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, are known to be oncogenic and are strongly associated with the development of cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. These types of HPV can persist in the body for an extended period and, in some cases, lead to the formation of precancerous lesions that may progress to cancer if left untreated. Low-risk HPV types, such as HPV-6 and HPV-11, are not typically associated with cancer but can cause benign conditions like genital warts. Genital warts are characterised by the growth of small, cauliflower-like bumps on the genital and anal areas. Although not life-threatening, they can cause discomfort and psychological distress. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through non-penetrative sexual activities that involve skin-to-skin contact. In addition to sexual transmission, vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth is possible but relatively rare. Prevention of HPV infection includes vaccination and safe sexual practices. HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil and Cervarix, are highly effective in preventing infection with the most common high-risk HPV types. These vaccines are typically administered to adolescents and young adults before they become sexually active. Safe sexual practices, such as consistent and correct condom use and limiting the number of sexual partners, can also reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Diagnosis of HPV infection can be challenging because the infection is often asymptomatic, especially in men. In women, HPV testing can be done through cervical screening programs, which involve the collection of cervical cells for analysis. Abnormal results may lead to further diagnostic procedures, such as colposcopy or biopsy, to detect precancerous or cancerous changes. Overall, HPV infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection with significant implications for public health. Vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment of precancerous lesions are key strategies to reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases and their associated complications. Education and awareness about HPV and its prevention are crucial in promoting optimal sexual health. This study aimed to carry out a literature review considering several aspects involving HPV infection: Global distribution, prevalence, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, therapeutics, coinfection with other viruses, coinfection with bacteria, association with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and association with anal cancer.     

纳米羟基磷灰石沉积层/钛酸钾薄层/钛合金生物复合材料体外培养成骨细胞的研究

在制备出具有表面活性的纳米羟基磷灰石沉积层/钛酸钾薄层/钛合金（HA/K2Ti6O13/β-Ti）生物复合材料的基础上,将体外培养的成骨细胞与HA/K2Ti6O13/β-Ti生物复合材料、未经处理β钛合金两种骨替代材料共同培养,在既定时间内观察两种骨替代材料对成骨细胞生长、附着的影响。结果表明两种骨替代材料对成骨细胞生长无明显抑制或促进作用,均具有良好的细胞相容性,它们皆能使成骨细胞附着于各自材料表面,分泌形成胶原纤维样基质。HA/K2Ti6O13/β-Ti生物复合材料较β钛合金具有更优异的的生物活性和成骨性能,是一种很好的生物植入材料。     

Indane-1,3-diones IX, synthèse et activité anti-inflammatoire de 2-polyaza-arylindane-1,3-diones et de leurs dérivés N- ou O-substitués

Les auteurs étudient les voies d'accès à des 2-polyaza-arylindane-1,3-diones et à leurs dérivés diversement substitués sur l'hétérocycle et l'homocycle ainsi que la pharmacomodulation de leur activité anti-inflammatoire. Ces β dicétoénamines fournissent en milieu alcalin des anions multidents conduisant en présence d'agents électrophiles à une C, N ou O-substitution; la mise en œuvre de la réaction de Mitsunobu a abouti à une N-(ω-amino-)-alkylation régiospécifique ou régiosélective. Parmi les diverses modifications structurales, la N-éthylation de la molécule de base, éventuellement couplée avec une méthoxylation en 5 sur l'homocycle s'est avérée efficace pour l'émergence d'une activité anti-inflammatoire en séries pyridazinyle, pyrimidinyle et tétrazolyle. Parmi les 3 molécules les plus actives 31, 43 et 50, la seconde a fait l'object d'une étude plus approfondie.