Prognostic assessment and adjuvant treatment strategies within early-stage, sporadic triple negative breast cancer patients

An adjuvant chemotherapeutic standard has not been identified in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) yet. One hundred and forty-one adjuvant treated TNBC patients had a median follow-up of 71 months. Larger tumor size (p = .005) and positive lymph-node status (p = .033) were associated with a significant shorter overall survival. Sixty-one percent of patients received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, 28.4% a non-anthracycline-containing regimen, and 10.6% an anthracycline/taxane-containing regimen. Overall survival, disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant disease-free survival did not differ between the chemotherapeutic groups. Non-anthracycline-containing regimen appeared to be an effective treatment in TNBC.     

创伤患者输血与供者白细胞微嵌合的相关性

输血是挽救创伤患者生命而普遍使用的治疗方法,但其又存在着明显和潜在的危险性。当今,经血液传播传染病和输血反应很少发生,但仍然存在。尽管在临床治疗中试图控制创伤患者休克的发展及损伤的严重度,但其输血后细菌感染、多脏器功能衰竭、死亡的发生率仍较高。     

Does the amniotic fluid protein absorption contribute significantly to the fetal weight?

Objective : This study was carried out to evaluate the significance of amniotic fluid protein ingestion and absorption on fetal growth.
Methodology : Neonates with small bowel atresia during a 30 year period were studied retrospectively.
Results : There were 56 patients enlisted, 17 with duodenal atresia, 18 with jejunal atresia and 21 with ileal atresia. The percentage of mothers with polyhydramnios and the percentage of premature babies decreases as the intestinal atresia becomes more distal. The mean gestational age and the mean birthweight increase as the intestinal atresia becomes more distal. On the other hand, the percentage of the neonates with birthweight below the 50th and the 10th percentiles do not differ significantly as the intestinal atresia becomes more distal.
Conclusions : It appears that the variation of birthweights in babies with different levels of small bowel atresia may be due to the difference in gestation caused by polyhydramnios. The effect of amniotic fluid protein absorption on fetal bodyweight could not be demonstrated clinically in this study.     

Protective effect of flavonoids against red blood cell hemolysis by free radicals

BACKGROUND:

Flavonoids are polyphenolic substances with antioxidant properties, and they are found in different vegetables and fruits. Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of flavonoids reduces the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The use of synthetic antioxidants, however, has been limited because of their toxicity. Therefore, medical researchers have intensified their quest to find natural antioxidants.

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the effect of several pure flavonoids, such as kaempferol, quercetin, morin and rutin, on red blood cell hemolysis and evaluate their -SH capacity as an indicator of membrane protection.

METHODS:

The rate of hemolysis and cell membrane -SH capacity were determined by spectrophotometry. Red blood cell peroxidation was induced using 2,2′-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. The effect of each flavonoid on hemolysis was examined at three concentrations (0.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL), however, only the greatest concentration (10 μg/mL) of each flavonoid was used to study the effect on -SH groups.

RESULTS:

In all cases, the antioxidant activity was dose-dependent. Rutin showed the highest inhibitory effect on hemolysis among flavonoids (42.5%). The protective effect of kaempferol, rutin and morin against -SH group oxidation measured 7.7%, 23.3% and 26.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Results showed that flavonoids and flavonoid-containing plants can be used as natural antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of disease conditions, the pathogenesis of which is mediated by lipid peroxidation.     

Entwicklung und aktueller Stand der invasiven Koronarangiographie

Summary Invasive selective coronary angiography as a clinical method is about 40 years old. This article surveying this period, written by an R&D engineer, deals with four parts: first the situation before 1965 is touched upon. For the time after 1965 the second and third parts describe the development of the procedure and of the technique with special reference to the work of Prof. Dr. K. Bachmann and to the facility, which in 1967 was designed together with him and further developed. K. Bachmann had already taken up the method of invasive coronary angiography around 1965, which makes him one of the group of pioneering users who developed the fundamentals of the procedure and led coronary angiography to its self-evident use today. The first clinical application of high resolution image intensifiers with the input screen produced from evaporated cesium iodide in 1971 appears as one of the highlights of the continuous improvements of the facility. The fourth part of the article sketches the status of today and, considering the new methods using MRI, EBCT as well as CT, it predicts that the invasive coronary angiography will remain an indispensable method at least for the medium-term future. Zusammenfassung Die invasive selektive Koronarangiographie ist als klinische Methode rund 40 Jahre alt. Dieser von einem Entwicklungsingenieur über diese Zeit verfaßte Beitrag ist vierfach gegliedert: Es wird zuerst die Situation vor und um 1965 angesprochen. Für die Zeit danach wird in einem zweiten und dritten Teil die Entwicklung des Verfahrens und der Technik dargestellt, in besonderem Bezug auf die Arbeit von Professor Dr. K. Bachmann, Erlangen, und auf die mit ihm 1967 zusammen geplante und weiterentwickelte koronarangiographische Einrichtung. K. Bachmann hatte schon ca. 1965 die Methode der invasiven Koronarangiographie aufgegriffen und gehört somit zu den Anwendern der Pionierzeit, die die Grundlagen der selektiven Koronarangiographie ausgebaut und zum heutigen klinischen Selbstverständnis geführt haben. Als ein Höhepunkt der Arbeit mit der Anlage wird der erste klinische Einsatz des 1971 eingeführten hochauflösenden Röngtenbildverstärkers mit dem Eingangsschirm aus aufgedampftem Cäsiumjodid betrachtet. Der vierte Teil des Beitrags skizziert den heute erreichten Stand und schätzt in Hinblick auf die neuen Verfahren der MRT, EBCT als auch der CT die Zukunft so ein, daß mindestens mittelfristig die invasive Koronarangiographie unverzichtbar bleiben wird.     

苯甲酰胺类抗精神病药物的研究：6β－羟基，乙酰氧基和苯甲酰氧基－3α及β－托品烷衍生物的合成

合成了１５个３α和β－取代苯申酰氨基－６β－羟基，乙酰氧基和苯甲酰氧基－托品烷类化合物。其中化合物５ｄ，１２ｃ和１２ｄ对Ｄ－１和Ｄ－２受体都有一定的亲和作用。     

Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites: evidence for receptor heterogeneity and two receptors

Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites with different capabilities of invading sialic acid-deficient erythrocytes were identified. Thai-2 parasites cultured in Tn erythrocytes invaded neuraminidase-treated and Tn erythrocytes twice as efficiently as Thai-2 parasites cultured in normal erythrocytes and seven to ten times more efficiently than a cloned line of Camp parasites cultured in normal erythrocytes. All three parasite lines required sialic acid for optimal invasion, but Thai-2 parasites cultured in Tn erythrocytes invaded neuraminidase- treated erythrocytes with 45% efficiency whereas Camp parasites invaded neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with less than 10% efficiency. P falciparum malaria parasites probably possess two receptors: one that binds to a sialic acid-dependent ligand and another that binds to a sialic acid-independent ligand. Parasites may differ in the quantity or affinity of their receptors for the sialic acid-independent ligand.