Activity of newer beta-lactam agents against clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species.

The in vitro activities of beta-lactam antibiotics against Bacteroides fragilis and B. fragilis group isolates are presented. Clinical isolates from 1986 were compared with strains from 1979 to 1982. Imipenem, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and ceftizoxime were the most active agents. Cefotetan was equivalent to cefoxitin against B. fragilis but less active against B. fragilis group isolates. Enhancement of cefotaxime by its desacetyl metabolite was minimal.     

Prophylactic long-term oral tocolysis of multiple pregnancies

After admission to hospital for bed rest, 200 women with multiple pregnancies were randomly allocated to receive either 4 mg of salbutamol orally five times daily, or to receive no drug. After an average of 6 weeks treatment, no difference between the experimental groups could be detected with respect to duration of gestation, birthweight or any other of the outcomes of pregnancy observed.     

Patients with Fabry disease on dialysis in the United States.

BACKGROUND.: Fabry disease results from an X-linked deficiency of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A and is a rare cause of end-stage renal disease. Little is known about the characteristics of patients with Fabry disease that initiate dialysis in the United States, although data from Europe suggests these individuals have a poor survival. METHODS.: Using the United States Renal Disease System database, we first studied in detail 42 Fabry patients who initiated dialysis between April 1995 (following the introduction of the new detailed HCFA 2728 form) and July 1998. To examine crude survival in a larger cohort, 95 Fabry patients were studied who initiated dialysis between 1985 and 1993, similar to the European Registry. Diabetic and non-diabetic controls matched by age, gender, race, year of dialysis initiation, and initial dialysis modality were examined for comparison. RESULTS.: During the years 1995 to 1998, the mean age of Fabry patients that initiated dialysis was 42 years, 83% were Caucasian, and 10% were African American. Despite the X-linked inheritance of Fabry disease, 12% of Fabry patients on dialysis were female. At initiation of dialysis mean serum albumin and creatinine were significantly higher and mean body mass index was significantly lower among Fabry patients, but mean glomerular filtration rate was similar to controls. Fabry patients tended to have a lower three-year survival compared to non-diabetic controls, but the results were not significantly different. In a larger cohort of Fabry patients who initiated dialysis between 1985 and 1993, the three-year survival of Fabry patients was significantly lower than non-diabetic controls: 63% (95% CI, 50 to 75%) versus 74% (95% CI, 67 to 80%; P=0.03). CONCLUSION.: End-stage renal disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among patients with Fabry disease. Recent evidence that progression of Fabry disease may be attenuated by enzyme replacement therapy necessitates increased awareness of Fabry disease and its comorbidities.     

Acoustic variations in reading produced by speakers with spasmodic dysphonia pre-botox injection and within early stages of post-botox injection.

Acoustic analysis of a reading passage was used to identify the abnormal phonatory events associated with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) pre- and postinjection of Botulinum Toxin A (Botox). Thirty-one patients (age 22 to 74 years) diagnosed with ADSD were included for study. All patients were new recipients of Botox, and the examination of their voice occurred before and after their initial injection of Botox. Acoustic events were identified from reading samples of the Rainbow Passage produced by each of the patients. These events were examined from sentences containing primarily voiced sound segments. Dependent variables included the number of phonatory breaks, frequency shifts, and aperiodic segments--all variables previously defined by the investigators. Additionally, calculated variables were made of the percentage of time these events occurred relative to the duration of the cumulative voiced segments. A sex- and age-matched control group (+/-2 years) was included for statistical comparison. Results indicated that those with ADSD produced more aberrant acoustic events than the controls. Aperiodicity was the predominant acoustic event produced during the reading, followed by frequency shifts and phonatory breaks. Within the ADSD group, the number of atypical acoustic events decreased following Botox injection. It is important that the occurrence of specific abnormal acoustic events was sufficient to differentiate the disordered speakers from the controls following as well as preceding initial Botox injection, as indicated by discriminant function analysis. This paper complements our previous work using this acoustic analysis method for defining the abnormal events present in the voice of those with ADSD and further suggests that these measures can be used in conjunction with perceptual impressions to differentiate speakers on the basis of initial severity.