The MDR gene and cellular sensitivity to various effects

mdr-Transfected K-562 cells revealed a relatively high resistance to cytotoxic monokines and ionizing radiation as compared to parental cells. Taken together with what is known about the resistance of mdr-expressing cells to multiple cytotoxic drugs, our results point to malignant cells having universal mechanisms of chemo-, bio- and radioresistance.     

Evaluation of Aerosol and Water Contamination and Control of Cross Infection in Dental Clinics

Background

The oral cavity is an unique environment which provides an ideal medium for bacterial growth. As a result of repeated exposure to the microorganisms present in blood and saliva, the dental health professionals and the patients are at a higher risk for developing many infectious diseases. A pilot study was carried out in the Dept of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College to assess the risk of cross infection in dental clinics.

Methods

Samples were collected from different dental surgeries of the Dept of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College and sent for microbiological culture and identification to the Dept of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College. The sampling was carried out in two stages, before and after implementing a set protocol.

Result

All dental unit waterlines were coated with a well established biofilm made up of filamentous and bacillus-like microorganisms in first stage of study. There was marked reduction in the number of colonies from the samples collected during second stage. Same findings were observed in the samples of aerosol produced by ultrasonic scalers.

Conclusion

The present study concluded that the new set protocol followed is significantly effective in reducing the microbial load in the water tubing, container and aerosol production. It is an effective measure for reducing the chances of cross infection in the dental surgeryKey Words: Aerosol, Biofilm, Cross infection, Colony forming units     

Surgical treatment of diseases of the genitalia and disorders of sexual development

The experience with the treatment of more than 5140 children at the age of from 2 days to 16 years, and 76 patients at the age of from 15 to 42 years with different diseases of the genital organs and disorders in the sex formation is presented. The indications for surgical treatment are defined. The results of the masculinizing operations, including the phalloplasty and testicular endoprosthesis, and the feminizing ones, including the vaginoplasty with the use of a colonic segment are presented.     

Carcinoembryonic antigen of experimental intestinal tumors

Intestinal tumors induced in rats by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine contain a water-soluble antigen that is absent in other organs and tissues, including in the mucous membranes of the intestines of control animals. This antigen can also be detected in embryos at the seventh and ninth days of development. In rats with intestinal tumors the antigen was found in 70% of cases in the blood serum. By analogy with human carcinoembryonic antigen, the rat antigen now discovered is soluble in 1 M perchloric acid.     

Effect of ageing on concentration of estradiol in serum and the epidermal G2 chalone in vaginal mucosa of rats

The level of serum estradiol in regularly-cycling 14–16 months old rats was shown to be higher in comparison with that in 3–4 months old rats who revealed regular estrus cycles. On the contrary, the level of the epidermal G₂ chalone in vaginal mucosa was higher in the young rats. The treatment of rats of both ages, ovariectomized 2 weeks before with estradiol-benzoate (1 μg/100 g body weight, s.c.), resulted in the decrease of the epidermal G₂ chalone concentration in vaginal mucosa of young rats and in its increase in aged rats in 12 h. In one year after ovariectomy, the epidermal G₂ chalone concentration in vaginal mucosa of young rats turned out to be lower than that 2 weeks after ovariectomy.