山莨菪碱对中性粒细胞糖皮质激素受体的影响

以~3H地塞米松(Dex)为特异性配基,以一点分析法测得大白鼠腹腔中性粒细胞(PMNs)的糖皮质激素受体(GCR)位点数为5270±216/个PMN(n=18,X±SE下同);体外实验,PMNs直接与山莨菪碱(654-23×10~(-5)M)温育,对GCR无明显影响,测得位点数为4896±360/个PMNs(n=20,P>0.4);体内实验表明,给大鼠肌肉注射654-2(10mg/kg)每日两次共二天,则GCR位点数降至2740±101/个PMNs(n=18,P<0.001)。此时还测得血浆皮质酮含量明显增高(P<0.01)。提示654-2对GCR的影响可能与增加皮质激素所致的“降调节”有关。     

Specific immunoglobulin g antibody detected in umbilical blood and amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman infected by the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome

Specific immunoglobulin G antibody for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was detected in maternal blood, umbilical blood, and amniotic fluid from a pregnant SARS patient. Potential protection of fetus from infection was suggested.     

Mechanisms underlying regulation of respiratory pattern by nicotine in preBötzinger complex

Cholinergic neurotransmission plays a role in regulation of respiratory pattern. Nicotine from cigarette smoke affects respiration and is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep-disordered breathing. The cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying this regulation are not understood. Using a medullary slice preparation from neonatal rat that contains the preB?tzinger Complex (preB?tC), the hypothesized site for respiratory rhythm generation, and generates respiratory-related rhythm in vitro, we examined the effects of nicotine on excitatory neurotransmission affecting inspiratory neurons in preB?tC and on the respiratory-related motor activity from hypoglossal nerve (XIIn). Microinjection of nicotine into preB?tC increased respiratory frequency and decreased the amplitude of inspiratory bursts, whereas when injected into XII nucleus induced a tonic activity and an increase in amplitude but not in frequency of inspiratory bursts from XIIn. Bath application of nicotine (0.2--0.5 microM, approximately the arterial blood nicotine concentration immediately after smoking a cigarette) increased respiratory frequency up to 280% of control in a concentration-dependent manner. Nicotine decreased the amplitude to 82% and increased the duration to 124% of XIIn inspiratory bursts. In voltage-clamped preB?tC inspiratory neurons (including neurons with pacemaker properties), nicotine induced a tonic inward current of -19.4 +/- 13.4 pA associated with an increase in baseline noise. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) present during the expiratory period increased in frequency to 176% and in amplitude to 117% of control values; the phasic inspiratory drive inward currents decreased in amplitude to 66% and in duration to 89% of control values. The effects of nicotine were blocked by mecamylamine (Meca). The inspiratory drive current and sEPSCs were completely eliminated by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) in the presence or absence of nicotine. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), low concentrations of nicotine did not induce any tonic current or any increase in baseline noise, nor affect the input resistance in inspiratory neurons. In this study, we demonstrated that nicotine increased respiratory frequency and regulated respiratory pattern by modulating the excitatory neurotransmission in preB?tC. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) enhanced the tonic excitatory synaptic input to inspiratory neurons including pacemaker neurons and at the same time, inhibited the phasic excitatory coupling between these neurons. These mechanisms may account for the cholinergic regulation of respiratory frequency and pattern.     

股骨粗隆间骨折采用改良L形钢板内固定的生物力学原理与临床应用

作者自1994年始采用自行设计L形钢板内固定治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折60例，平均随访25个月，X线片显示骨折愈合时间6～13周，平均8．9周，伤肢功能在3个月内基本恢复正常，无骨折延迟愈合及髋内翻现象。为论证改良L形钢板的优点，本文采用8具新鲜尸股骨沿着它的外侧、内侧骨皮质粘贴6个应变片，观察股骨近端应变和位移分布，以检验改良L形钢板固定粗隆间骨折的效果。在实验前后将股骨粗隆造成二部分或四部分骨折。利用实验结果给制成应变和位移图，并与鹅头打固定组相比较。在载荷加至1800N时比较两种内固定器械的生物力学性能。结果表明，在治疗不稳定粗隆间骨折中，L形钢板比鹅头钉更具有生物力学的优势。     

小儿肝的年龄解剖学研究

分六个年龄组观察了180个(男98,女82)小儿肝的形态、度量、位置及体表投影.小儿肝相对较大,右叶大于左叶,下界位置较低并逐渐上移.在右锁骨中线的肋弓下一般均可触到.小儿肝重随其年龄(身高)的增长而增长,其增长速度相对较慢,尤以Ⅶ组小儿更明显.     

血浆ET-1和CGRP含量测定对脑出血病人的应用价值

目的 :探讨血浆内皮素 (ET)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)在脑出血病人急性期与恢复期中的变化。方法 :采用放射免疫分析技术 ,对 4 2例脑出血病人的急性期与恢复期 ,分别测定血浆ET和CGRP含量 ,并用 35例健康对照人员作比较。结果 :脑出血病人血浆ET含量明显高于对照组 (p <0 0 1) ,治疗后有所下降 ;而血浆CGRP含量 ,在脑出血的急性期 ,显著高于对照组 (p <0 0 1) ,恢复期降为正常。结论 :血浆ET和CGRP在脑出血的急性期显著升高 ,并与脑损伤程度有关 ,提示神经肽参与出血性脑损伤的发生发展过程     

病毒载量和T淋巴细胞计数在HIV感染者临床治疗疗效观察中的应用

目的 研究病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数在评价人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者疗效中的应用效果。方法 对HIV感染者临床病例73例进行了实验室和临床观察，其中包括6例鸡尾酒治疗病例、36例中药试验性治疗病例及31例未进行治疗的感染者。主要实验室指标包括血浆病毒载量及T淋巴细胞亚群计数。结果 在进行治疗后3个月时联合治疗组的病毒载量明显低于其他两组，并且在其后保持在很低的水平，CD4^ 计数水平明显高于其他两组并在其后持续升高。在整个观察期间，中药治疗组的病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数水平与未治疗组差异无显著性，但在临床症状观察中中药治疗组较未治疗组有明显改善。结论 病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数试验是评价抗HIV治疗疗效的有效方法。     

Clinical features and complications of viridans streptococci bloodstream infection in pediatric hemato-oncology patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Viridans streptococci (VS) are part of the normal flora of humans, but are fast emerging as pathogens causing bacteremia in neutropenic patients. The clinical features, outcomes, and antibiotic susceptibilities of VS bloodstream infections in children with hemato-oncological diseases are reported in this study. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (< or =18 years) diagnosed with VS infections between January 1998 and December 2004 was conducted at the National Taiwan University Hospital. RESULTS: Among the 26 episodes noted in 25 pediatric patients, the incidence rate of VS bacteremia was found to be significantly higher in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia compared with other hemato-oncological conditions. Most of the patients had profound neutropenia related to chemotherapy for a median of 5 days on the day of positive blood culture. Eight of the 25 patients had undergone stem cell transplantations. Streptococcus mitis was the most common bloodstream isolate and only 12 (44%) of the 27 isolated strains of VS were penicillin-susceptible. Empirical antibiotic treatments were not effective in half of the episodes, but did not affect overall mortality. Isolated bacteremia (63%) and pneumonia (22%) were the two leading clinical presentations. Complications were recognized more frequently in patients with pneumonia. Hypotension and mechanical ventilation each developed in 8 patients (31%). The overall mortality rate was 23%. CONCLUSIONS: Penicillin non-susceptible VS infection has emerged as a threat in children with hemato-oncological diseases, especially those with acute myeloid leukemia. S. mitis is the most common spp. of VS causing bacteremia in children and is associated with serious complications. The development of pneumonia resulted in clinical complications and higher mortality. Empirical antibiotic treatments with activity against the infecting strains did not reduce the overall mortality rate in this study.     

α2，6-唾液酸转移酶（ST6GalⅠ）的表达对结肠癌细胞唾液酸化的影响

目的 研究结肠癌细胞LS174T转染正义和反义的α2，6唾液酸转移酶(ST6GalⅠ)cDNA对结肠癌细胞表面唾液酸化及肿瘤细胞粘附功能的影响．方法 结肠癌细胞株LS174T转染正义ST6GalⅠcDNA或反义ST6GalⅠcDNA的部分序列的表达载体pcDNA3.1，以RT—PCR检测转染子ST6GalⅠmRNA的表达．流式细胞仪检测细胞表面α2，6唾液酸含量．结果 转染正义ST6GalⅠcDNA的克隆显示ST6GalⅠmRNA的表达增强以及接骨木凝集素(SNA)与细胞表面成分的结合增加；而转染反义ST6GalⅠcDNA的部分序列的细胞克隆的ST6GalⅠmRNA的表达减少．SNA与细咆表面成分的结合力降低．结论 ST6GalⅠ的表达直接影响细胞表面α2．6-连接的唾液酸水平并调节肿瘤细胞的粘附功能利用反义核酸技术抑制ST6GalⅠ的表达并降低肿瘤细咆表面α2，6-唾液酸水平可能成为减少癌细胞转移的一种手段．     

氟达拉宾对系统性红斑狼疮BXSB小鼠狼疮活动的影响

目的 :探讨氟达拉宾对系统性红斑狼疮BXSB小鼠狼疮活动的影响 ,氟达拉宾治疗重型系统性红斑狼疮的可能性、有效性及其可能的机制。方法 :用 30mg (m2 ·d) ,连续 3天氟达拉宾尾静脉注入BXSB小鼠体内 ,用血液分析仪分析用氟达拉宾前后不同时间小鼠外周血白细胞的变化 ,用ELISA方法测定BXSB小鼠血清抗ds DNA抗体、抗核抗体的变化 ,免疫荧光检查肾组织的病理改变 ,尿蛋白试纸检测用氟达拉宾前后BXSB小鼠的蛋白尿 ,流式细胞仪分析T淋巴细胞表面CD4 + Fas+ 、CD8+ Fas+ 、、CD4 5RO+ Fas+ 表达的变化。结果 :用氟达拉宾后BXSB小鼠外周血白细胞数从第 3天开始下降 ,至第 7天时白细胞下降至最低值〔(0 5± 0 2 )× 10 9L- 1 〕 ,白细胞上升至 1 0× 10 9L- 1 的时间是用药后 19天 ;BXSB小鼠血清抗ds DNA抗体、抗核抗体的水平明显下降 ,分别出现在用氟达拉宾后第 14、2 1天时 ;用药后第 2 8天氟达拉宾组 72 7%的BXSB小鼠肾组织进行免疫荧光病理检查 ,其荧光强度由 +～ ++→± ;用氟达拉宾后第 2 1、2 8天尿蛋白从 ++～ +++转±～ -占 81 8% ;用Flu后BXSB小鼠CD4 + Fas+ 、CD8+ Fas+ 、CD4 5RO+ Fas+ 的表达均明显低于用Flu前。结论 :氟达拉宾可明显减少BXSB小鼠血清抗ds DNA抗体、抗核抗体的水平 ,减少BXSB小