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151.
Ione Avila-Palencia Daniel A. Rodríguez J. Jaime Miranda Kari Moore Nelson Gouveia Mika R. Moran Waleska T. Caiaffa Ana V. Diez Roux 《Environmental health perspectives》2022,130(2)
Background: Features of the urban physical environment may be linked to the development of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for global burden of disease.Objectives: We examined associations of urban physical environment features with hypertension and blood pressure measures in adults across 230 Latin American cities.Methods: In this cross-sectional study we used health, social, and built environment data from the SALud URBana en América Latina (SALURBAL) project. The individual-level outcomes were hypertension and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The exposures were city and subcity built environment features, mass transit infrastructure, and green space. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multilevel logistic and linear regression models, with single- and multiple-exposure models adjusted for individual-level age, sex, education, and subcity educational attainment.Results: A total of 109,176 participants from 230 cities and eight countries were included in the hypertension analyses and 50,228 participants from 194 cities and seven countries were included in the blood pressure measures analyses. Participants were 18–97 years of age. In multiple-exposure models, higher city fragmentation was associated with higher odds of having hypertension (; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21); presence (vs. no presence) of mass transit in the city was associated with higher odds of having hypertension (; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.54); higher subcity population density was associated with lower odds of having hypertension (; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94); and higher subcity intersection density was associated with higher odds of having hypertension [; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15). The presence of mass transit was also associated with slightly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in multiple-exposure models adjusted for treatment. Except for the association between intersection density and hypertension, associations were attenuated after adjustment for country. An inverse association of greenness with continuous blood pressure emerged after country adjustment.Discussion: Our results suggest that urban physical environment features—such as fragmentation, mass transit, population density, and intersection density—may be related to hypertension in Latin American cities. Reducing chronic disease risks in the growing urban areas of Latin America may require attention to integrated management of urban design and transport planning. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7870 相似文献
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Nelson W. Cornell 《American journal of surgery》1930,8(2):338-340
I am convinced of merits of physiotherapy used in European Clinics.I am well satisfied with the apparatus for the physical treatment of disease in my own office.I use ultraviolet light, radiant light, baking, sinusoidal current, also x-ray, radium, massage and heat, each application having its own particular field.I do not use hydrotherapy, though I believe it to be of great value.A correct diagnosis must first be made in order to select the proper physical measure of treatment.The treatment must be prolonged and consistent. It will shorten the period of disability in practically all cases following accidents and injuries.Physical therapeutic measures must. not be blindly applied. At least a general if not a detailed knowledge of their effects must be possessed.They are of great value and will increasingly become more used in the treatment of fractures, of abdominal adhesions, chronic pelvic inflammation, proliferative cars tissue, and in general infections, both acute and chronic. 相似文献
154.
John B. Nelson 《The Journal of experimental medicine》1932,56(6):835-840
The introduction of vaccinia virus into the skin of swine calls forth a typical vesicular reaction which may be followed by a solid immunity. This acquired state of resistance was utilized in determining the route of immunity transmission from sow to young. The suckling young of immune sows, vaccinated on the 7th day or earlier, showed no reaction to the virus. Their hand-fed litter mates, however, were susceptible and reacted with the formation of vesicles. These observations indicate that the porcine placenta is largely impermeable to protective substances and establish the fact that colostrum functions as the vehicle for their transmission as it does for antibodies. 相似文献
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Yellow fever virus from M. rhesus has been inoculated into a South American monkey (Cebus macrocephalus) by blood injection and by bites of infected mosquitoes. The Cebus does not develop the clinical or pathological signs of yellow fever. Nevertheless, the virus persists in the Cebus for a time as shown by the typical symptoms and lesions which develop when the susceptible M. rhesus is inoculated from a Cebus by direct transfer of blood or by mosquito (A. aegypti) transmission. 相似文献
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