O型臂导航引导下经皮椎体成形术治疗中段胸椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的精准性及安全性

目的 探讨O型臂导航引导下经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）在治疗中段胸椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的精准性及安全性。方法 2019年12月—2021年8月复旦大学附属浦东医院骨科收治中段胸椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF）患者15例（15个椎体）,男5例,女10例;年龄70~89岁,平均（76.7±5.8）岁。均采用O型臂导航引导下经单侧穿刺行PVP治疗。主要疗效指标：术中规划路径与实际路径的符合率,微创经皮开路器穿刺成功需要的次数,主要指标用于评价该手术操作的精准性。次要疗效指标包括：记录患者术前、术后2天以及末次随访时视觉模拟（visual analogue scale,VAS）疼痛评分,Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）。同时记录患者的手术时间、骨水泥使用量、术中出血量及手术相关并发症发生情况等,测量并记录术前、术后2天及末次随访时伤椎前缘高度,次要指标用于评价该手术方案的临床疗效与安全性。结果 15例患者均顺利完成手术,术中规划路径与实际路径的符合率：优6例,良9例,优良率达100%,所有病例均为1次穿刺成功,无患者出现骨水泥渗漏或严重并发症。平均随访11.7个月。术前、术后2天及末次随访时患者VAS评分分别为7.2±0.7、2.3±0.5和1.9±0.5,患者ODI评分分别为68.1±4.0、23.6±4.3和23.0±4.6,患者伤椎前缘高度分别为（2.4±0.3）cm、（2.7±0.3）cm和（2.6±0.3）cm。术后2天患者VAS评分、ODI评分较术前明显改善（P<0.05）,术后2天及末次随访时患者伤椎前缘高度较术前均增加（P<0.05）。结论 O型臂导航引导下PVP治疗中段胸椎OVCF,可提高手术操作精准度及安全性,在治疗中段胸椎OCVF中可能具有较大的临床应用价值。     

右美沙芬缓释混悬液治疗慢性咽炎所致咳嗽90例的临床观察

目的：研究右美沙芬缓释混悬液治疗成人慢性咽炎所致咳嗽的临床效果。方法：将90例慢性咽炎咳嗽患者随机分为3组,对照组给予万应胶囊治疗,治疗组l给予万应胶囊联合右美沙芬缓释混悬液治疗,治疗组2给予万应胶囊联合右关沙芬缓释混悬液及抗组胺药治疗,疗程均为14d。结果：治疗组1及治疗组2在7d、14d时疗效均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）;治疗组2在7d时疗效优于治疗组1,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论：右美沙芬缓释混悬液用于成人慢性咽炎所致咳嗽临床效果良好,右关沙芬缓释混悬液联合抗组胺药对成人慢性咽炎所致咳嗽的临床疗效更快、更好。     

Florid pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

A young woman presented with rapidly progressive dyspnea and clinical findings strongly suggestive of primary pulmonary hypertension or possible pulmonary embolism (or both). She died of acute right-sided heart failure. A diagnosis of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease was made at autopsy. Approximately 100 cases of this disease have been reported previously in the literature. We describe a patient with a particularly florid progression of this unusual disease. Death occurred within six weeks of the onset of symptoms.     

胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物的脑保护作用

胰高血糖样肽1是一种肠促胰岛素,它通过促进胰岛素的释放,抑制胰高血糖素分泌、胰岛β细胞增殖、延缓胃排空等多种途径发挥降糖作用。在临床上胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物已用于2型糖尿病的治疗。近年来,研究发现胰高血糖样肽1受体不仅分布于胰腺中,在人和动物的脑中也有广泛分布,胰高血糖样肽1及其类似物具有脑保护作用,预示着他们有可能成为治疗中枢神经系统疾病的新型药物。     

疾病以及配伍对人参皂苷在大鼠体内的药动学影响

目的 建立SD大鼠血浆中人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2和Rg1的HPLC分析方法,对比分析配伍白术挥发油前后,人参皂苷在慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠体内药动学特征。方法 SD大鼠分为4组,其中单用正常组和单用模型组均给药人参总皂苷292 mg·kg^-1,配伍正常组和配伍模型组均给药人参总皂苷292 mg·kg^-1和白术挥发油0.1 mL·kg^-1。于给药前和给药后不同时间点进行眼眶取血,采用HPLC测定各成分的血药浓度,并采用Winnolin 6.3软件计算其药动学参数。结果 与单用正常大鼠比较,单用模型组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1的C_max和AUC值降低,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT增加,人参皂苷Rb2和Rg1则呈现出AUC增加的变化;而配伍正常组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2和Rg1的C_max和AUC值均增加,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT值均缩短。与单用模型组大鼠比较,配伍模型组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1和Rg1的C_max和AUC值均增加,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT值均降低。结论 在相同给药剂量下,疾病状态机体对人参皂苷的吸收和代谢呈现缓慢趋势,而配伍后能促进皂苷成分在体内的吸收,同时加快代谢消除,为人参的临床用药提供参考依据。     

Frequency and Predictors of Non-compliance to Dietary Recommendations Among Hypertensive Patients

Compliance to dietary recommendations among hypertensive people is a major health care issue. Non-compliance can nullify the effects of even the most scientific and optimum treatment plan. The main aim of this study was to determine the frequency and predictors of non-adherence in our region. We also investigated the possible factors based on patient opinions that could increase compliance. A sample of 400 adult patients, diagnosed with hypertension for at least 3 years, who visited Civil Hospital during the time period April–June 2013 were included in this cross sectional study. Patient data and opinions were collected by two trained interviewers using a pre-coded questionnaire. Compliance was assessed based on patients self report. More than three quarters (n = 310, 77.5 %) of the hypertensive patients were non-compliant. More than one social gathering in a week, peer-influence, no friends to follow the recommended diet plan and lack of believe regarding diet as an effective measure to control blood pressure were found to be the significant predictors of non-compliance (P values <0.0001). Counseling was thought to be the most effective way by the patients to increase adherence. Non-compliance to dietary recommendations is a major problem prevalent especially in Pakistan. There is an urgent need for doctors and nurses to counsel their patients effectively to prevent future morbidities and mortalities because of non-compliance.     

四环素致BALB/c小鼠肝脏毒性的基因表达谱研究

目的利用毒理基因芯片技术研究四环素肝脏毒性效应的分子机制.方法利用本室构建的小鼠毒理基因芯片和四环素致BALB/c小鼠肝毒性动物模型,观察不同剂量和时相点小鼠肝脏基因表达谱变化,利用Gene OntologyConsortium分析系统并结合层次聚类对差异表达基因进行初步功能分析.结果四环素作用后引发肝脏多种基因表达改变,聚类分析发现高、低剂量四环素作用的表达谱明显差异,高剂量各时相点差异基因聚类分为4类,涉及的分子机制包括能量代谢抑制,蛋白质合成和降解增加,抗氧化体系受损,信号转导基因表达改变促进凋亡发生,以及药物代谢相关酶系基因抑制等.结论毒理基因芯片技术能够为我们在分子水平上提供四环素对小鼠肝脏毒性损伤机制的众多线索,为进一步生物学效应研究奠定基础.