全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23623篇 |
免费 | 1286篇 |
国内免费 | 257篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 472篇 |
儿科学 | 301篇 |
妇产科学 | 266篇 |
基础医学 | 4295篇 |
口腔科学 | 555篇 |
临床医学 | 1877篇 |
内科学 | 4484篇 |
皮肤病学 | 887篇 |
神经病学 | 1799篇 |
特种医学 | 1320篇 |
外科学 | 2925篇 |
综合类 | 133篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 1064篇 |
眼科学 | 448篇 |
药学 | 2080篇 |
中国医学 | 285篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1969篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 148篇 |
2022年 | 509篇 |
2021年 | 811篇 |
2020年 | 402篇 |
2019年 | 567篇 |
2018年 | 643篇 |
2017年 | 528篇 |
2016年 | 729篇 |
2015年 | 1080篇 |
2014年 | 1290篇 |
2013年 | 1424篇 |
2012年 | 2156篇 |
2011年 | 2041篇 |
2010年 | 1154篇 |
2009年 | 1037篇 |
2008年 | 1445篇 |
2007年 | 1323篇 |
2006年 | 1139篇 |
2005年 | 1003篇 |
2004年 | 862篇 |
2003年 | 751篇 |
2002年 | 644篇 |
2001年 | 568篇 |
2000年 | 469篇 |
1999年 | 391篇 |
1998年 | 153篇 |
1997年 | 113篇 |
1996年 | 83篇 |
1995年 | 94篇 |
1994年 | 60篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 142篇 |
1991年 | 148篇 |
1990年 | 108篇 |
1989年 | 122篇 |
1988年 | 101篇 |
1987年 | 108篇 |
1986年 | 94篇 |
1985年 | 86篇 |
1984年 | 63篇 |
1983年 | 58篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 38篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1979年 | 48篇 |
1978年 | 49篇 |
1977年 | 42篇 |
1976年 | 32篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
1973年 | 34篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Hyung Jee Kim Gilho Lee Dong Hee Kim Suk Jae Lee Duck Ki Yoon Jae Heung Cho 《Urologia internationalis》2002,68(1):44-48
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to investigate in vitro the effects of serotonin on the rat detrusor. In particular, it examines which drugs inhibit the serotonin-induced detrusor contractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isometric tension changes of isolated rat bladder muscle strips were recorded in an organ bath using a force transducer. Acute effects of serotonin (0.0001-0.01 mM) on resting tension were assessed. Electrical field stimulation (EFS); bethanechol (0.0001-0.01 mM); ATP (1-3 mM)- or KCl (63.5-254 mM)-induced contractions using an application in an organ bath were compared with serotonin-induced contractions. In order to examine the action mechanism of serotonin-induced stimulation, EFS-, bethanechol-, ATP- or KCl-induced contraction on serotonin treatment (0.001 mM) was assessed and serotonin (0.001-0.1 mM) was cumulatively added to the organ bath following preincubation with propranolol, ketanserin, tropisetron, propiverine, sodium nitroprusside or doxazosin. RESULTS: The serotonin-induced response has two phases: an initial transient contraction and a prolonged tonic phase. Serotonin produced a reversible and dose-dependent contraction of the detrusor strips. Responses to bethanechol significantly increased with a concentration of 0.001 mM serotonin (p < 0.05). There was no effect on the responses to ATP, KCl, or EFS on 0.001 mM serotonin. The 5-HT(2) receptor is mainly responsible for serotonin-induced contractions of the detrusor (p < 0.05), while the 5-HT(1) receptor is partially responsible. Doxazosin and propiverine each significantly suppressed the response to serotonin, while sodium nitroprusside and tropisetron each had no effect (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Because the 5-HT(2) antagonist blocked the effect of serotonin-induced bladder contractions and the stimulation of the adrenoreceptors, the 5-HT(2) antagonist seems to improve lower urinary tract symptoms. 相似文献
12.
Aro Ino Tatsuya Hayashi Kazunori Yamashiro Tetsuji Cho Toshifumi Kishimoto 《Nihon Arukōru Yakubutsu Igakkai zasshi》2005,40(1):47-56
One hundred fifty-three inpatients with alcohol dependence syndrome were treated with the structured BDIM (Before-Discharge Intervention Method). 82 patients of them have participated to self-help group meetings or kept having therapy as our outpatients or inpatients during the study period. We chose the families of the 82 patients as our study subject Out of the study subjects who took part in BDIM, 64 families (117 persons) answered our questionnaire. Among them 63 families (101 persons) gave their described answers of impressions and opinions about BDIM, which were summarized as follows. (1) Through BDIM the family members gained second thought on their alcoholic family member (IP: identified patient) and they could tell their new view to IP. BDIM enabled them to tell IP their sincere feeling and hope for recovery of IP. BDIM empowered both IP and IP's family members. (2) The family members became to know IP's orientation on his or her disease. They came to know IP's denial and understand him or her as he or she was. (3) The family members felt emotional ties among themselves and IP through BDIM. When the family members of a dysfunctional family took part together in BDIM, they could know the feelings, thoughts, experiences and hopes one another. The family members had a precious experience of mutual understanding among themselves and IP to hope for recovery together. (4) The family members appreciated BDIM as a effective therapy. In BDIM many of them regarded highly of giving their letters to IP as a useful method to convey their feeling and thoughts calmly to IP. (5) On the other hand some family members pointed out the difficulty for themselves to write on BDIM. For family members who are not good at writing a letter or tend only to blame IP through their letters, writing and giving letters to IP is not appropriate as a therapy. If family members feel strong anxiety or fear, it is safe not to practice BDIM. 相似文献
13.
Ho-Seong Han Jai Young Cho Yoo-Seok Yoon 《Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences》2009,16(4):427-432
Many studies have recently reported on laparoscopic liver resection, although its development has been slow compared to laparoscopy in other fields. The indications for the location of laparoscopic liver resection have previously been limited to easily accessible lesions. Performing laparoscopic liver resection in the posterior and superior parts of the liver has been considered difficult due to inadequate exposure, the poor operative field and the difficulty with parenchymal dissection. Flexible endoscopy, high definition imaging and various kinds of equipment for parenchymal transection have been introduced for clinical use. In addition, much experience with this procedure has been accumulated at many centers. Accordingly, there are an increasing number of reports on laparoscopic liver resection in difficult locations. At our institution, the location of the tumor is no longer a limitation to laparoscopic liver resection. However, for safer laparoscopic liver resection, the patient positioning and trocar placement should be individualized according to the tumor location. The type of resection also may depend on the remaining liver’s functional capacity. We describe here the technical considerations for performing laparoscopic liver resection, including the technical considerations for performing laparoscopic liver resection for lesions located in the postero-superior segments of the liver. 相似文献
14.
15.
Je-Yong Choi Hyung-Jong Kim Yong-Chan Lee Byoung-Ouck Cho Ha-Soo Seong Michael Cho Seong-Gon Kim 《Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics》2007,103(3):321-328
OBJECTIVE: Pamidronate has been studied as a therapeutic drug for various osteopenic diseases. However, avascular osteonecrosis in the jawbone has been recently reported in patients receiving pamidronate. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of pamidronate on bone regeneration in a controlled animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the effect of parmidronate on bone healing in a local bony defect area, a rabbit calvarial bony defect model was used and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) used as a drug carrier material. Four defect groups were made in each rabbit calvaria and the defects were treated as follows: untreated bony defect (group 1), PLGA only (group 2), 2 mg of pamidronate with PLGA (group 3), and 3 mg of pamidronate with PLGA (group 4). Bone healing was evaluated by radiography and histology at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: In radiographic analysis, radiopacity was lower in pamidronate groups than non-operated rabbit calvarial bone at all observation points (P < .05). In histological analysis, the initial bone formation at 1 week was not different among groups, but it was much lower in the pamidronate groups than in the control or PLGA group after 2 weeks. Newly formed bone at 1 week underwent avascular necrosis after 2 weeks in both pamidronate groups. Avascular necrosis was not observed until 8 weeks in both topically applied pamidronate groups. CONCLUSION: Collectively, pamidronate inhibits bone healing in rabbit calvarial bony defect and it may explain the avascular necrosis of the jaws in patients receiving pamidronate. 相似文献
16.
Hyo-Chang Kim Seok-Gu Kang Pil-Woo Huh Do Sung Yoo Kyoung Suok Cho Dal Soo Kim 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2007,14(11):1135-1139
Pituitary abscess is a rare and potentially lethal condition. Pituitary abscess in a pregnant woman has not been previously described. A 38-year-old pregnant woman (34 weeks gestation) with a pituitary mass complained of a progressive headache and sudden visual impairment. She was afebrile and had no inflammatory symptoms on admission. On MRI, the preoperative diagnosis was pituitary adenoma with sphenoid sinusitis. She underwent an uncomplicated transsphenoidal procedure for removal of the pituitary mass. The next day, labor commenced and a healthy preterm baby was delivered. Pathologic examination of the intrasellar mass showed polymorphonuclear cells, debris and no tumor cells. The sellar contents were cultured and Streptococcus viridans was grown. To our knowledge this is the first case of pituitary abscess reported during pregnancy. Although the patient was pregnant, the transsphenoidal approach was safe for the mother and the fetus. Surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy are required for the definitive treatment of this condition. 相似文献
17.
Jin Woo Kim M.D. Ho Shik Kim M.D. In Kyung Kim M.D. Mee Ran Kim M.D. Eun Young Cho B.S. Heung Kee Kim M.D. Joon Mo Lee M.D. Sung Eun Namkoong M.D. 《Gynecologic oncology》1998,69(3):230-236
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is known to be a potent growth inhibitor for many cell types, including most epithelial cells. In skin keratinocytes, TGF-β1 has been shown to inhibit growth and to rapidly reduce c-mycexpression. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 action on cell growth of cervical carcinoma has not yet been elucidated. We thus assessed the effect of TGF-β1 on the growth of cervical carcinoma cell lines. Two cervical squamous carcinoma cell lines, CUMC-3 and CUMC-6, were incubated with varying concentrations of TGF-β1, and growth inhibition was evaluated with tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. After culture in TGF-β1 for 24 h, inhibition of growth was detected in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 0.1–10 ng/ml in both cell lines. This effect of TGF-β1 on cultured carcinoma cells was associated with apoptotic process including oligonucleosomal ladder DNA and apoptotic body formations. Northern blot analysis revealed c-mycmRNA expression was suppressed by 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 following 3 h of treatment in both cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that the level of p27Kip1protein was increased after TGF-β1 treatment in both cell lines. These results suggest that the mechanisms by which TGF-β1 inhibits the growth of cervical carcinoma are complex and may include effects on down-regulation of c-mycgene, and overexpression of p27Kip1protein. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) has been proposed as a measure of tear film integrity which is superior to the more commonly used tear break-up time (TBUT), since it does not alter the volume or the physicochemical properties of the tear layer by the addition of fluorescein. We measured NITBUT by measuring the time taken for distortions or discontinuities to appear in the reflected image of a grid pattern which covered about 80 per cent of the corneal surface. NITBUT measures were made 100 times on seven Hong Kong Chinese subjects with up to 20 consecutive measures being made on a single day. We also measured NITBUT on one occasion on an unselected population of 52 Hong Kong Chinese subjects. NITBUT shows a skewed distribution in all subjects, with many shorter values and some extremely long values. There are statistically significant variations in NITBUT from day to day, and from subject to subject. The group of 52 subjects also had a skewed NITBUT distribution with many short values and some very long values. The arithmetic mean does not adequately represent NITBUT data, either for individual subjects or for this group of subjects. As many as five to eight measures may be necessary to gain a stable estimate of the NITBUT and stability of the measure is improved if extreme values are omitted. We recommend the use of nonparametric statistics to compare NITBUT values from day to day in or between subjects. 相似文献