蒙药绿松石的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立蒙药绿松石的质量标准。方法 收集不同产地绿松石，共10批。观察绿松石样品和粉末的性状并进行理化鉴别；按2020年版《中国药典》（四部）通则方法测定绿松石样品中水分、浸出物含量；采用原子吸收光谱法测定绿松石样品铜元素含量。结果 绿松石为不规则、周围带有黑石的块状物，表面蓝绿色，体重，质硬脆，难砸碎，断面呈贝壳状，蜡样光泽，粉末呈灰绿色，无臭，味淡；理化鉴别结果显示，呈铜盐反应；10批次样品中水分含量为0.41%-3.94%（SD=1.37%），浸出物含量为0.21%-0.81%（SD=0.21%），铜元素含量为3.03%-4.63%（SD=0.63%）。结论 初步拟定绿松石中水分含量不得超多5.0%、浸出物含量不得低于0.10%，铜元素含量应为2.60%-4.84%，制定的标准可用于蒙药材绿松石的质量控制。     

大豆异黄酮对大鼠骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的 研究植物雌激素-大豆异黄酮对大鼠骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响。方法 将断乳Wister大鼠按体重随机分为4组，分别给予基础饲料和不同剂量的大豆异黄酮。每周称体重，调整给食量。12周后处死大鼠，取脏器称重，计算脏体比值；剥离股骨，测骨矿物质含量(BMC)、骨密度(BMD)和骨钙、骨磷的含量；对血清中骨形成生化指标碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素和骨吸收生化指标抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶进行检测，同时测定雌激素-雌二醇(E2)的含量。结果 具有弱雌激素样作用的大豆异黄酮对实验大鼠的子宫、卵巢无刺激作用。与对照组相比，给予大豆异黄酮能提高BMC、BMD及骨钙含量，并随剂量的增加而增大。大豆异黄酮可影响骨代谢，高剂量的大豆异黄酮(41．6mg／kg)同时抑制骨形成和骨吸收，使骨转化率降低，但对骨吸收的作用大于骨形成。给予大豆异黄酮组血清雌激素水平大于对照组。结论 大豆异黄酮通过调整骨代谢生化指标的活性，提高大鼠的骨钙含量和骨密度，可预防骨质疏松的发生。     

优克龙治疗输尿管结石(附60例报告)

目的　观察优克龙 (Urocalun )治疗输尿管结石的疗效和安全性。　方法　对 6 0例输尿管结石直径 <1cm的患者予口服优克龙治疗 ,4 5 0mg/次 ,3次 /d ,服药 5周。　结果　 6 0例患者中结石排出 4 5例 (75 % ) ;10例 (17% )结石位置下降 ;5例 (8% )位置无变化。 4例患者服药后有轻度胃部不适、恶心或口干。　结论　优克龙治疗输尿管结石效果良好。     

Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation

ContextAtherosclerosis predisposes individuals to adverse cardiovascular events. Clinacanthus nutans L. (Acanthaceae) is a traditional remedy used for diabetes and inflammatory conditions.ObjectivesTo investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of a C. nutans leaf methanol extract (CNME) in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin.Materials and methodsSixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: non-diabetic fed a standard diet (C), C + CNME (500 mg/kg, orally), diabetic fed an HFD (DM), DM + CNME (500 mg/kg), and DM + Metformin (DM + Met; 300 mg/kg). Treatment with oral CNME and metformin was administered for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, atherogenic index (AI), aortic tissue superoxide dismutase levels (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The rats’ aortas were stained for histological analysis and intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.ResultsThe CNME-treated diabetic rats had reduced serum total cholesterol (43.74%; p = 0.0031), triglycerides (80.91%; p = 0.0003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.64%; p = 0.0008), AI (51.32%; p < 0.0001), MDA (60.74%; p = 0.0026), TNF-α (61.78%; p = 0.0002), and IMT (39.35%; p < 0.0001) compared to untreated diabetic rats. SOD level, however, increased (53.36%; p = 0.0326). These CNME effects were comparable to those in the metformin-treated diabetic rats.ConclusionsC. nutans possesses anti-atherosclerotic properties, which may be due to reductions in vascular tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and serum AI. Continued studies on atherosclerotic animal models are suggested.     

小鼠切牙干槽症模型建立的实验研究

目的 建立干槽症的小鼠模型.方法 取10只小鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组.每只小鼠腹腔注射1.5％戊巴比妥麻醉后,拔除上颌中切牙.实验组拔牙窝行肾上腺素止血,植入金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌种,对照组拔除上颌中切牙后无特殊处理.4天后观察两组拔牙窝情况并处死小鼠,取上颌骨进行组织切片、HE染色,观察两组拔牙窝的结构变化.结果 拔牙4天后,实验组拔牙窝见大量脓性分泌物,周围黏膜红肿,对照组拔牙窝粘膜呈粉红色,创口较拔牙后明显缩小,无明显分泌物.观察组织学HE染色切片发现,实验组拔牙窝可见大量炎性细胞及少量破骨细胞,对照组的拔牙窝内有新生结缔组织形成.结论 使用肾上腺素和金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌种可以成功地建立小鼠切牙拔牙窝的干槽症模型.     

脊柱化脓性感染动物模型的建立及应用进展

手术部位感染是脊柱手术后常见且非常严重的并发症,严重影响患者的身体健康。尽管手术操作无菌细致,及时给予适当的全身抗生素,但手术部位感染率仍然很高[1-2]。据报道,我国脊柱手术感染的风险从0.5%~7.8%不等[3-4]。糖尿病、肥胖、高血压等疾病显著增加脊柱术后感染,感染后治疗的费用可达10多万美元[5],大大增加了患者的经济负担。     

Regulation of neutrophil migration and superoxide production by recombinant tumor necrosis factors-alpha and -beta: comparison to recombinant interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 alpha

We compared the ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor- alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (rHuTNF-beta) to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration and superoxide production. Significant PMN migration occurred across polycarbonate filters after stimulation with rHuTNF-alpha at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-10) mol/L and at 10(-7) to 10(-8) mol/L for rHuTNF- beta and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), whereas recombinant human interferon-gamma was only minimally active at 10(-7) mol/L and recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha was inactive at the doses tested. In addition, antibodies to rHuTNF-alpha completely inhibited rHuTNF-alpha but not rHuTNF-beta or FMLP-induced PMN migration. Combinations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta (at similar molar concentrations) stimulated PMN migration levels comparable to that obtained with rHuTNF-alpha alone. Checkerboard analyses performed by placing different concentrations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta above and below polycarbonate filters of microchemotaxis chambers demonstrated that rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta stimulated both chemotactic and chemokinetic responses by PMN. Additional studies demonstrated that 1 X 10(-8) mol/L rHuTNF-alpha and 3 X 10(-9) mol/L rHuTNF-beta (which represents 10(4) U/mL of each cytokine) were similar in their ability to induce superoxide production by PMNs; however, at ten- to 100-fold lower molar concentrations (10(3) and 10(2) units), rHuTNF-alpha was significantly more active than rHuTNF-beta. At the doses tested, both cytokines were less active than phorbol myristate acetate at stimulating O2- release. The results demonstrate that rHuTNF- alpha and rHuTNF-beta differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in their effects on PMN functions in vitro and suggest that rHuTNF-beta may be less toxic than rHuTNF-alpha in vivo.     

舍尼通~和抗生素联合用药治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎临床研究

目的:评价舍尼通与抗生素联合用药治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的有效性及耐受性。方法:采用双盲、平行对照、多中心临床试验研究方法,通过Stam ey试验、前列腺按摩液(EPS)常规及美国国立卫生院慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI),筛选出160例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者,随机分为试验组(80例,脱落1例)和对照组(80例)。试验组前4周合用舍尼通和左氧氟沙星,后4周单用舍尼通,服用剂量为舍尼通2次/d,1片/次,左氧氟沙星2次/d,0.1 g/次;对照组方法同上,仅将舍尼通换为安慰剂。所有患者均行入组前、治疗第4周和第8周随访并行NIH-CPSI评分、EPS等检查及药物不良反应的评估。结果:治疗后4周和8周,试验组疼痛评分降低分别为3.34±2.45,4.33±3.13,排尿评分降低分别为2.22±1.79,2.77±2.04;对照组疼痛评分降低分别为2.28±2.42,3.30±3.29,排尿评分降低分别为1.24±1.67,1.83±2.25。两组治疗前后的自身对比均差异有显著性(P<0.01),生活质量影响评分差异也有显著性(P<0.05)。组间比较,试验组较对照组第4周和第8周疼痛和排尿评分差异均有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。两组治疗前后白细胞、卵磷脂小体差异无显著性(P>0.05),对药物的耐受性差异无显著性(P>0.05),无严重不良反应事件发生。结论:舍尼通与抗生素联合用药方案能更有效地缓解慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的疼痛不适症状和排尿症状,耐受性好,值得在临床上推广应用。     

新疆维吾尔族空腹血糖受损人群血脂水平变化及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高的相关因素分析

目的 分析新疆维吾尔族（维族）IFG人群血脂代谢状况及LDL-C升高的危险因素。 方法 对新疆地区2053例30～80岁维族居民行横断面调查,筛查IFG人群,分析血脂代谢状况及LDL-C相关危险因素。 结果 该IFG人群中,血脂代谢异常的总患病率为99.8%（613/614）。高TG血症患病率为85.5%（525/614）,男女比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;高TC血症、高LDL-C血症患病率为72.5%（445/614）和40.7%（250/614）,男性高于女性（75.0% vs 70.1%,52.4% vs 29.9%,P〈0.05）;低HDL-C血症患病率为29.8%（183/614）,男性低于女性（28.0% vs 31.4%,P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,LDL-C升高的危险因素为年龄、TC、2 hPG。 结论 维族IFG人群血脂代谢异常的总患病为99.8%,其中LDL-C升高的患病率为40.7%,其危险因素为年龄、TC和2 hPG。     

大鼠肝纤维化实验动物模型的建立方法

以往文献报道肝纤维化动物模型的造模方法造模周期长、动物死亡率高、造模成功率低,在参考以往造模方法的基础上,对原有造模方法加以改进并得到很好的造模效果,希望能为以后肝纤维化动物模型的制备提供新的思路和方法。