绞贞汤治疗放、化疗引起白细胞减少518例临床研究--附50例细胞形态学改变的分析

目的探讨自拟绞贞汤或绞贞冲剂治疗放、化疗引起白细胞减少的疗效,及其对白细胞形态学变化的影响.方法 618例放、化疗引起白细胞减少患者随机分为3组,即绞贞汤(治疗)组518例、焦三仙对照组50例和鲨肝醇、维生素B4西药组50例,观察3组临床疗效及白细胞回升情况;并对50例白细胞低于3.9×109/L末梢血涂片进行细胞形态学分析,对25例白细胞减少为(0.7～3..9)×109/L患者应用绞贞汤或绞贞冲剂治疗前后的细胞形态学改变进行观察.结果①绞贞汤组白细胞回升至4.0×109/L及以上者时间、例数及总有效率分别与西药组和对照组比较,均有显著性差异(P＜0.001);②50例白细胞减少患者细胞形态学分析主要为粒细胞绝对值减少、中性粒细胞有中毒性颗粒、单核细胞与淋巴细胞增多等;③绞贞汤或绞贞冲剂治疗白细胞减少为(0.7～3.9)×109/L 25例,白细胞均回升至(4.3～6.7)×109/L.结论绞贞汤或绞贞冲剂治疗放、化疗引起的白细胞减少疗效较好,且无任何副作用,便于临床推广应用.     

Intensive methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: an intent-to-treat analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of intensive methotrexate-based chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients received induction chemotherapy using high-dose systemic methotrexate (3.5 g/m2) and cytarabine (3 g/m2 daily for 2 days). Fourteen patients with chemosensitive disease evident on neuroimaging then received high-dose therapy using carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan with autologous stem-cell rescue. RESULTS: The objective response rate to the induction-phase chemotherapy was 57%, and median overall survival is not yet assessable, with a median follow-up time of 28 months. The overall median event-free survival time is 5.6 months for all patients and 9.3 months for 14 patients who underwent transplantation. Six of these 14 patients (43%) remained disease-free at last follow-up. Treatment was well tolerated; there was one transplantation-related death. Prospective neuropsychologic evaluations have revealed no evidence of treatment-related neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION: This treatment approach is feasible in patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL without evidence of significant related neurotoxicity. Although the transplantation results are similar to those achieved in patients with aggressive or poor-prognosis systemic lymphoma, the low response rate to induction chemotherapy and the significant number of patients who experienced relapse soon after HDT suggest that more aggressive induction chemotherapy may be warranted.     

炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性研究

目的探讨炎症因子C-反应蛋白（CRP）与胰岛素抵抗（IR）和2型糖尿病（T2DM）大血管病变的关系。方法用颗粒增强免疫沉淀法测定T2DM合并大血管病变（70例）、T2DM无大血管病变（60例）及正常对照组（90名）的血清超敏CRP（usCRP）水平变化；用HOMA—IR模型作为估计IR的指标；将CRP与HOMA—IR、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、空腹血糖（FBG）、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、甘油三酯（TG）等作相关分析。结果T2DM合并大血管病变组血清usCRP水平明显高于T2DM无大血管病变组及正常对照组（P〈0．01），T2DM无大血管病变组高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。当调整SBP、FBG、TG、WHR等因素的影响后，协方差结果显示usCRP在T2DM合并大血管病变组仍高于T2DM无大血管病变组及正常对照组（P〈0．05），T2DM无大血管病变组高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。在T2DM合并大血管病变组，Person相关分析显示，usCRP与FINS、HOMA-IR、TG呈正相关（P值分别〈0．05、〈0．01和〈0．05），与Hcy等无关。逐步线性回归结果显示，TG、HOMA—IR是影响CRP的主要因素。结论CRP可能是T2DM和T2DM大血管病变的危险因子，CRP可能通过胰岛素抵抗参与了T2DM大血管病变的发生和发展。     

雷公藤属3种植物不同群体和个体中雷公藤甲素的研究

目的测定雷公藤属3种植物(雷公藤、昆明山海棠和黑蔓)不同群体和个体中雷公藤甲素(tripto lide),为评价雷公藤药材质量和寻找雷公藤的优质种质奠定基础。方法建立雷公藤甲素HPLC测定方法,并测定了全国主要分布区25个群体91个个体的木质部和韧皮部中的雷公藤甲素。结果黑蔓的雷公藤甲素质量分数很低;雷公藤和昆明山海棠种间的雷公藤甲素差异不明显,个体质量分数木质部为1.0×10-6~5.83×10-5;韧皮部为2.3×10-6~1.030×1-0 4。结论雷公藤和昆明山海棠不同个体雷公藤甲素质量分数最高值与最低值相差约50倍,不同居群雷公藤甲素质量分数最高值与最低值相差10多倍,不同来源的药材质量差异极大,严重影响用药的安全性;雷公藤甲素质量分数高的居群位于浙江西南部和中部、湖南新宁、贵州雷山和安徽黄山;湖南新宁、贵州雷山和浙江江山居群中有雷公藤甲素质量分数极高的个体,值得进一步研究,以寻找质量分数高的优良单株。     

Hyperbaric oxygenation induced tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia in mice is strain dependent

SV129 or C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 5 days, 1 h every day, 100% O(2) at 3 atm absolute). One day after the 5th HBO session focal cerebral ischemia was induced. In SV129 mice, HBO induced tolerance against permanent focal cerebral ischemia (n=42, mean infarct volume reduction 27%, P=0.001), but not against transient (30 or 60 min) focal cerebral ischemia. In the C57BL/6 strain of mice, HBO did not induce tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia, even when the duration of ischemia or the HBO protocol were modified. For the first time we demonstrate that HBO can induce tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia, but this effect is strain dependent.     

超声普通探头定位经皮肝穿刺胆管置管引流术的临床价值

目的 评价普通超声探头定位经皮经肝穿刺胆管置管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage．PTCD)的临床价值。方法 应用彩色超声多普勒诊断仪定位，普通3．5MHz探头引导，对124例梗阻性黄疸患者进行经皮肝胆管穿刺置管引流术(PTCD)。结果 超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆管一次穿刺成功率达94．4％(117／124)，二次穿刺成功率达100％(124／124)。结论 超声引导经皮肝胆管穿刺准确性高；PTCD术应首选超声引导；同时使用普通探头定位，使PTCD术更加灵活、准确、安全、实时，是固定穿刺探头所不能比拟的。     

间断静脉滴注3%高渗盐水与20%甘露醇治疗小儿急性脑水肿的疗效对比

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline with 20% mannitol in the treatment of acute brain edema in children.Methods Twenty children with acute brain edema were randomly divided into hypertonic saline(HS) group and mannitol group.HS group and mannitol group were given 3% HS solution or 20% mannitol respectively.Main outcome measurements included intracranial pressure(ICP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP),serum electrolytes,plasma osmolality,renal function and urine volume.Results Both 3% HS and 20% mannitol were effective in reducing ICP(P ＜0.05).Therapeutic effect lasted(4.5±1.2) h in HS group and(3.2±1.5) h in mannitoi group.3% HS had a longer duration of action than marmitol(P＜0.05).At the time point of 2 hours after treatment,MAP and CPP of HS group increased more than those of mannitol group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both 3% HS and 20% mannitol could rapidly decrease ICP.3% HS has a longer duration of action in reducing ICP than 20% mannitol.3% HS is more effective in stabilizing circulation and improving CPP than 20% mannitol.     

腹水浓缩回输腹腔治疗顽固性腹水23例报告

目的：评价腹水浓缩回输腹腔治疗顽固性腹水的疗效。方法：23例顽固性腹水患者，在原治疗基础上加用腹水浓缩回输治疗，观察腹水浓缩回输前后体重、腹围、尿量、血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血中电解质的变化。结果：治疗后所有患者体重下降，腹围减少，尿量增加（P＜0．01）；血浆总蛋白、白蛋白均升高（P＜0．05）；而血中电解质治疗前后无显著变化（P＞0．05）。结论：腹水浓缩回输腹腔对治疗顽固性腹水有良好的效果。     

利多卡因对免蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的防治

目的：研究枕大池注入利多卡因是否能缓解蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管的痉挛。方法：30只新西兰大白兔随机分为假手术组、蛛网膜下腔出血组出血组、利多卡因治疗组（治疗组），每组10只。出血组和治疗组的动物于枕大池注入自体动脉血1．5ml，假手术组注入1．5ml生理盐水，30min后假手术组和出血组的动物从枕大池注入0．1ml生理盐水，治疗组注入0．1 ml 2％利多卡因。72h后观察脑基底动脉管腔面积，另测定术前和72h后血浆中的内皮素（ET）和降钙基因相关肽（CGRP）。结果：各组术前的血浆ET，CGRP无显著差别（P〉0．05）；术后72h出血组的血浆ET高于假手术组和治疗组（P〈0．05），各组术后血浆ET比术前高（P〈0．01或P〈0．001）；术后72h血浆CGRP没有统计学差别（P〉0．05），与术前比较，假手术组和出血组的术后CGRP低于术前水平（P〈0．01或P〈0．001）；出血组的血管腔面积低于假手术组和治疗组（P〈0．001）。结论：枕大池注入利多卡因能减轻兔蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛。