硫酸镁雾化吸入辅助治疗对重症毛细支气管炎患儿气道阻力、肺功能及炎症因子的影响

目的 观察硫酸镁雾化吸入辅助治疗对重症毛细支气管炎患儿气道阻力、肺功能及炎症因子的影响。方法 选择于医院治疗的重症毛细支气管炎患儿88例,以随机数字表法分组,44例患儿为探究组,采用硫酸镁雾化吸入辅助常规治疗,44例患儿为参照组,采用常规治疗,两组患儿均连续治疗7 d,治疗前、后检测两组患儿炎症指标：肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子1(soluble vasccular cell adhesion molecule-1,sVCAM-1)、Nod样受体蛋白3(Nod-like receptor pyrin domain3,NLRP3)、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(eosinophil cationic protein, ECP)水平：气道阻力指标：近端气道黏性阻力(R20)、气道总阻抗(Z5)、气道总黏性阻力(R5)、肺神经源性P物质水平;肺功能指标：有效呼吸道阻力(Reff)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(maximal mi...     

Efficacy of sonothrombolysis in a rat model of embolic ischemic stroke

The key goal in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is fast vessel recanalization. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is efficient in humans but mean time for recanalization is within hours. Ultrasound bio-effects has been shown to facilitate rt-PA mediated thrombolysis in peripheral arteries. We used an embolic stroke model in the rat. In all rats we induced an ischemic stroke by a selective occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with whole blood clots. From an entire collective of 54 rats 47 completed the protocol (n = 7 died early). Four different groups (no treatment n = 6; full dose rt-PA treatment only [10 mg/kg per body weight] n = 14, half dose rt-PA treatment plus ultrasound n = 10, and full dose rt-PA treatment plus ultrasound n = 17) were investigated. We found a significant reduction of absolute as well as relative infarct volume in the full dose rt-PA plus ultrasound group (81+/-72 mm(3); P< 0.05) in comparison to untreated rats (253+/-159 mm(3); P < 0.05) as well as in comparison to rats treated with full dose rt-PA only (167+/-91 mm(3); P < 0.05). There were five intracranial bleedings giving a bleeding rate of 9.3%. In summary: ultrasound treatment in addition to rt-PA is more effective than single rt-PA treatment in reducing infarct volume and safe with regard to bleeding.     

抚触对人工喂养新生儿生长发育的影响

目的 探讨抚触对人工喂养儿生长发育影响。方法 选择30例人工喂养新生儿进行抚触,并随机选择条件相似的30例人工喂养儿做对照,100d时比较两组婴儿的身长、头围、体质量、日摄奶量、睡眠时间、大便情况。结果 抚触组人工喂养婴儿的体质量、摄奶量较对照明显增加,睡眠时间较对照组长,且较对照组大便正常,较少发生便秘。身高、头围无明显差异。结论 抚触能明显提高人工喂养儿的体质量及摄奶量,促进排泄,改善睡眠。     

Defects in regulation of apoptosis in caspase-2-deficient mice

During embryonic development, a large number of cells die naturally to shape the new organism. Members of the caspase family of proteases are essential intracellular death effectors. Herein, we generated caspase-2-deficient mice to evaluate the requirement for this enzyme in various paradigms of apoptosis. Excess numbers of germ cells were endowed in ovaries of mutant mice and the oocytes were found to be resistant to cell death following exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Apoptosis mediated by granzyme B and perforin was defective in caspase-2-deficient B lymphoblasts. In contrast, cell death of motor neurons during development was accelerated in caspase-2-deficient mice. In addition, caspase-2-deficient sympathetic neurons underwent apoptosis more effectively than wild-type neurons when deprived of NGF. Thus, caspase-2 acts both as a positive and negative cell death effector, depending upon cell lineage and stage of development.     

我国HIV-1 B''亚型毒株gag基因变异特征研究

目的研究我国人免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）B’亚型主要流行株在宿主免疫压力下的基因变异及抗原表位的变化特征，探讨选择压力、基因离散率和抗原表位变化之间的关系。方法从确诊的HIV-1感染者的全血样本中提取基因组DNA，经套式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增后，将扩增产物进行纯化和测序。然后将所得序列进行系统进化树和氨基酸变异分析，使用GCG软件包的Distance程序对P17和P24两个区段计算基因距离，用Diverge程序计算同义替换（1（s）和非同义替换（1（a）及二者之间的比值，并对我国人群中较常见的HLA型别限制的CTL表位的突变情况进行分析。结果HIV-1B’亚型毒株的P17区段的Ks／Ka值〈1，而P24区段的Ks／Ka值〉1；P24部分的基因离散率低于P17部分；P17区段抗原表位的保守率为34．94％，而P24区段抗原表位的保守率为67．38％；从基因离散率、所受的选择压力及抗原表位的突变率3个方面来看，HIV-1的P17区段均明显大于P24区段。结论HIV-1B’亚型毒株的P17区段的抗原表位变化较大，而P24区段的抗原表位相对较为保守。提示P24区段的CTL表位更适合于表位疫苗的研制。     

Do Treatment Plans Matter? Moving From Recommendations to Action

We investigated whether a service-planning document outlining recommendations for what providers should address in treatment (i.e., targets) and the associated clinical techniques they should employ (i.e., practices) influenced the targets and practices that providers reported actually implementing during the subsequent treatment episode. Participants included 94 youths ages 4 to 17 (M = 13.57, SD = 3.59) who received community-based mental health services from the Hawai'i Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division. Data on targets and practices were compared across initial Mental Health Treatment Plans and Monthly Treatment and Progress Summaries. Data were analyzed using two-level, generalized mixed effects models with two-way cross-classification or linear mixed effects models. Providers were more likely to report the use of targets and practices in treatment if they were included within the treatment plan. In addition, the more closely targets addressed during treatment followed the recommended targets from the treatment plan, the more closely implemented practices followed the recommended practices listed in the treatment plan. Furthermore, as providers shifted their focus to different targets, a shift in their use of practices was also evident over time. Last, practices for which there is demonstrated efficacy for particular targets were more likely to be used. Service planning documents appear to help organize care; however, results also suggest possible limitations to the current system. These findings highlight potential areas for improvement in planning and care delivery.     

森林脑炎病毒prM-E蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及免疫活性测定

目的为了表达森林脑炎病毒prME蛋白,为森林脑炎快速诊断试剂的研制奠定基础。方法经过RTPCR扩增、重组转移载体构建、细菌内转座和昆虫细胞转染,以杆状病毒昆虫细胞表达系统成功地表达了森林脑炎病毒MDJ01株prME蛋白。结果从感染细胞上清中电镜观察到重组蛋白形成的球型颗粒,说明重组病毒感染细胞后产生病毒样表达颗粒(viruslikeparticlesVLPs),并且分泌至细胞外。免疫印迹试验和间接免疫荧光试验表明,表达的重组蛋白能够与抗森林脑炎病毒抗体特异结合,具有良好的抗原性。ELISA和间接免疫荧光染色证实,重组prME蛋白可以作为抗原用于检测患者血清特异性抗体。结论在昆虫细胞中表达的prME具有良好的抗原性,本研究为森林脑炎快速特异诊断试剂研制奠定了基础。     

人乳头瘤病毒18型L1-E6、L1-E7嵌合基因表达载体的构建及表达

目的 构建HPV 18 L1－E6，L1－E7嵌合基因的表达载体，并在CHO细胞中表达。方法 克隆HPV18 L1－E6和L1－E7基因，插入中介载体pGEMT-Easy中并测序鉴定。采用PCR定点突变法，突变L1－E6，L1－E7基因序列中与转化作用相关的位点，分别与L1基因连接后插入真核表达载体pVAX1，构建真核表达质粒pVAX-1L1 E6Mxx,L1E7Mxx。用磷酸钙沉淀法，转染CHO细胞，以抗HPV－18L1，抗E6和抗E7特异性单克隆抗体（mAb)做ELISA和免疫细胞化学法检测。结果 ELISA检测显示，转染各种pVAX1-LIE6Mxx-L1E7Mxx融合蛋白表达质粒的细胞提取物的P－N值均＞2．1；免疫细胞化学检测，在胞浆，胞核可见棕黄色颗粒。结论 我建的pVAX1-L1E6Mxx-E7Mxx融合蛋白质表达质粒，可在转当细胞内表达相应的L1－E6Mxx和L1－E7Mxx蛋白，为今后进行DNA疫苗的研究奠定了基础。