全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3715篇 |
免费 | 129篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 29篇 |
儿科学 | 36篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 571篇 |
口腔科学 | 88篇 |
临床医学 | 213篇 |
内科学 | 1048篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 298篇 |
特种医学 | 123篇 |
外科学 | 705篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 77篇 |
眼科学 | 21篇 |
药学 | 162篇 |
中国医学 | 8篇 |
肿瘤学 | 442篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 83篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 170篇 |
2011年 | 168篇 |
2010年 | 108篇 |
2009年 | 98篇 |
2008年 | 251篇 |
2007年 | 265篇 |
2006年 | 256篇 |
2005年 | 305篇 |
2004年 | 251篇 |
2003年 | 282篇 |
2002年 | 266篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 57篇 |
1999年 | 72篇 |
1998年 | 89篇 |
1997年 | 59篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 62篇 |
1993年 | 56篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 43篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 25篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1931年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3865条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
The purpose of this paper is to give an insight into the medical education program of our division at Tohoku University. Laboratory medicine in medical education is a field of learned basic clinical tests. Students have to learn the clinical laboratory through early clinical exposure in the first grade and try clinical technology through small-group learning in the fifth grade. Finally, they learn laboratory medicine such as infection control in our or another clinical hospital. The objects of our course are to encourage and promote the highest standards of training and post-graduate education of physicians and scientists at our university. 相似文献
42.
Kazuma Ohyashiki Mitsuo Oshimura Takayo Toyoda Nobuhiko Sakai Hisao Ito Kohtaro Yamamoto Akira Tonomura 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》1984,11(2):215-219
We encountered a 38-year-old Japanese male patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), whose bone marrow and peripheral blood cells during the chronic and blastic phases contained a complex Ph1 translocation and an extra Y chromosome [i.e., 47,XYY,t(9;22;13)(q34;q11;q14)]. A karyotypic analysis of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes showed the constitutional karyotype to be 47,XYY. Thus, it was considered that CML with a complex Ph1 translocation developed in an XYY male; such a case has not been reported, so far. A B-lymphocyte cell line with the complex Ph1 translocation was established by the procedure of Epstein-Barr virus transformation. The presence of the complex Ph1 translocation in the B-lymphocyte cell line suggests that some of the B lymphocytes in this patient originated from the CML clone. 相似文献
43.
Yukie Niwa Tsuyoshi Sakane Masao Shingu M. Mitsuo Yokoyama 《Journal of clinical immunology》1983,3(3):228-240
Neutrophils from the synovial fluid (SFN) of 10 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated to determine the generation of oxygen intermediates (OI) (O2-, H2O2, OH .), chemiluminescence, and lysosomal enzymes (lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase). Lymphocytes from healthy individuals were cocultured at 37 degrees C for 17 hr with SFN from the patients and the number of OKT4+, OKT8+, and OKT3+ cells and the response to mitogens were determined. A markedly increased OI and slightly elevated lysosomal enzyme levels were observed in SFN from patients. Coculture of lymphocytes with SFN resulted in a decreased number of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells and a greatly reduced response to Con A and mildly diminished response to PHA, while OKT3+ cells were not affected. The simultaneous addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase restored the impairment of monoclonal antibody reaction and lymphocyte responsiveness almost to control levels. It is suggested that the disturbed immunoreactivity of synovial fluid lymphocytes from RA patients may be due to increased OI generated by stimulated neutrophils. 相似文献
44.
Azelastine, a newly synthesized anti-allergic agent, was tested for its effects on guinea pig macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis. As specific macrophage chemo-attractants, we used macrophage chemotactic factors a and c; separated and highly purified from inflamed skin sites. Macrophage chemotaxis induced by skin extract or chemotactic factors was significantly suppressed by a low concentration of the agent (1 microgram/ml); the effect was dose-dependent. The inhibition of chemotaxis was reversible, because chemotactic activity was restored when the agents was removed by washing cells before chemotactic assay. Inactivation of chemotactic factors was not detected by mixing azelastine and factors a and c. Azelastine may directly interact with macrophages to decrease their chemotactic responsiveness. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the medium and macrophages after phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles was not affected by this agent at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 micrograms/ml. The phagocytosis of latex particles or sheep red blood cells opsonized with IgG antibodies (EA) and anchoring of macrophages to substrate were not inhibited and azelastine did not damage the macrophages as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. 相似文献
45.
Yamamoto K Kobayashi Y Takemura A Kawano K Kawato M 《Journal of neurophysiology》2002,87(3):1554-1571
To investigate how cerebellar synaptic plasticity guides the acquisition and adaptation of ocular following response (OFR), a large-scale network model was developed. The model includes the cerebral medial superior temporal area (MST), Purkinje cells (P cells) of the ventral paraflocculus, the accessory optic and climbing fiber systems, the brain stem oculomotor network, and the oculomotor plant. The model reconstructed temporal profiles of both firing patterns of MST neurons and P cells and eye movements. Model MST neurons (n = 1,080) were set to be driven by retinal error and exhibited 12 preferred directions, 30 preferred velocities, and 3 firing waveforms. Correspondingly, each model P cell contained 1,080 excitatory synapses from granule cell axons (GCA) and 1,080 inhibitory synapses. P cells (n = 40) were classified into four groups by their laterality (hemisphere) and by preferred directions of their climbing fiber inputs (CF) (contralateral or upward). The brain stem neural circuit and the oculomotor plant were modeled on the work of Yamamoto et al. The initial synaptic weights on the P cells were set randomly. At the beginning, P cell simple spikes were not well modulated by visual motion, and the eye was moved only slightly by the accessory optic system. The synaptic weights were updated according to integral-differential equation models of physiologically demonstrated synaptic plasticity: long-term depression and long-term potentiation for GCA synapses and rebound potentiation for inhibitory synapses. We assumed that maximum plasticity was induced when GCA inputs preceded CF inputs by 200 ms. After more than 10,000 presentations of ramp-step visual motion, the strengths of both the excitatory and inhibitory synapses were modified. Subsequently, the simple spike responses became well developed, and ordinary OFRs were acquired. The preferred directions of simple spikes became the opposite of those of CFs. Although the model MST neurons were set to possess a wide variety of firing characteristics, the model P cells acquired only downward or ipsilateral preferred directions, high preferred velocities and stereotypical firing waveforms. Therefore the drastic transition of the neural representation from the population codes in the MST to the firing-rate codes of simple spikes were learned at the GCA-P cell synapses and inhibitory cells-P cell synapses. Furthermore, the model successfully reproduced the gain- and directional-adaptation of OFR, which was demonstrated by manipulating the velocity and direction of visual motion, respectively. When we assumed that synaptic plasticity could only occur if CF inputs preceded GCA inputs, the ordinary OFR were acquired but neither the gain-adaptation nor the directional adaptation could be reproduced. 相似文献
46.
Masahiro Kamouchi Takanari KitazonoTetsuro Ago Masanori WakisakaJunya Kuroda Kuniyuki NakamuraNoriko Hagiwara Hiroaki OoboshiSetsuro Ibayashi Mitsuo Iida 《Neuroscience letters》2007
Objective: The aims of the present study were to elucidate the interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ response in central nervous system (CNS) pericytes. Methods: The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured using fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, fura-2, in cultured CNS pericytes. Results: Hydrogen peroxide evoked a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which was completely inhibited by catalase. Removal of external Ca2+ or addition of nicardipine (1 μM) during application of hydrogen peroxide did not affect Ca2+ response. Incubation of the cells in Ca2+ free solution did not abolish but slightly reduced Ca2+ response by hydrogen peroxide. Ca2+ response to hydrogen peroxide was not altered by the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ by thapsigargin (1 μM). Pretreatment of the cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (100 μM) or tyrphostin A47 (30 μM) significantly reduced Ca2+ increase by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions: These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide evokes Ca2+ increase predominantly by release from intracellular Ca2+ store, which may be regulated by tyrosine kinases. 相似文献
47.
Gerhard Opelz Masahiro Kiuchi Mitsuo Takasugi 《International journal of immunogenetics》1975,2(1):1-7
Loss of antigenicity in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction of lymphocytes precultured at 22°C for 7–10 days was accompanied by a decrease in bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) from 22 ± 1% to 13 ± 1%, and an increase in thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) from 65 ± 2% to 83 ± 1% (P < 0.001). Depletion of B cells from a fresh lymphocyte suspension by either antihuman immunoglobulin-coated column fractionation or by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette formation resulted in a significant reduction of the cell's ability to stimulate in MLC (P < 0.001). Coating of lymphocytes with rabbit antihuman brain serum abrogated their ability to respond but not the ability to stimulate in MLC. 相似文献
48.
49.
Comparison of arsenic-induced cell transformation, cytotoxicity, mutation and cytogenetic effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
Sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate were observed to inducemorphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cellsin a dose-dependent manner. A linear dose-dependence with aslope of 1 was observed with both compounds when the data wereplotted on a log-log graph. The trivalent sodium arsenite was> 10-fold more potent than the pentavalent sodium arsenate.The compounds also exhibited toxicity; however, transformationwas observed at non-toxic as well as toxic doses. At low doses,enhanced colony-forming efficiency of the cells was observed.To understand the mechanism of arsenic-induced transformation,the genetic effects of the two arsenicals were examined overthe same doses that induced transformation. No arsenic-inducedgene mutations were detected at two genetic loci. However, celltransformation and cytogenetic effects, including endoreduplication,chromosome aberrations, and sister chromatid exchanges wereinduced by the arsenicals with similar dose-responses. Theseresults support a possible role for chromosomal changes in arsenic-inducedtransformation. 相似文献
50.
Kenichiro Ishida Yusuke Katayama Tetsuhisa Kitamura Tomoya Hirose Shunichiro Nakao Jotaro Tachino Yutaka Umemura Takeyuki Kiguchi Tasuku Matsuyama Kosuke Kiyohara Takeshi Shimazu Mitsuo Ohnishi 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2021,56(5):1013-1019
PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the association between the implementation of abdominal angiography and outcome among pediatric patients with blunt splenic or hepatic injury.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study, with a study period of 14 years, from January 2004 to December 2017. Blunt-trauma patients with splenic or hepatic injury who were less than 19 years old were included in this study. We used propensity-score-(PS) matching analysis to assess the relationship between abdominal angiography and in-hospital mortality.ResultsIn total, 639 patients were eligible for analysis, with 257 patients included in the abdominal-angiography group and 382 patients in the no-abdominal-angiography group. After PS matching, 224 patients from each group were selected. In the PS matched patients, in-hospital mortality was lower in the abdominal-angiography group than in the no-abdominal-angiography group (4.9% vs. 11.2%, odds ratio 0.416, 95% confidence interval 0.177–0.903).ConclusionIn this population, the implementation of abdominal angiography was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality among pediatric patients with blunt splenic or hepatic injury compared with nonimplementation of abdominal angiography.Type of studyPrognosis study.Level of evidenceIII 相似文献