Induction of immune tolerance to platelet antigen by short-term thrombopoietin treatment in a mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder caused by IgG anti-platelet autoantibodies. Thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists are highly effective in inducing the recovery of platelet counts in ITP patients. Although these agents are thought to promote platelet production without affecting the autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease, a small subset of ITP patients exhibits sustained platelet recovery after treatment termination. To investigate mechanisms involved in this sustained recovery, we evaluated the effects of short-term TPO treatment using a mouse ITP model generated by Foxp3⁺ T regulatory cell (Treg) depletion. After treatment, platelet recovery was sustained, along with complete suppression of both anti-platelet autoantibody production and T-cell responses to platelet autoantigens. TPO treatment also promoted the peripheral induction of Foxp3⁺ Tregs in conjunction with elevated circulating TGF-β levels. In summary, thrombopoietic agents are capable of inducing immune tolerance to platelet autoantigens, thereby suppressing the autoimmune pathogenesis of ITP.     

Specificity of cytochemical and fluorescence methods of senescence-associated β-galactosidase detection for ageing driven by replication and time

Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) is a widely used marker of senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. In this report, young and senescent human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and fragments of the omentum, from which these cells were isolated, were subjected to simultaneous examination of SA-β-Gal using two methods, i.e. cytochemical and fluorescent methods. The results obtained were confronted with the cumulative number of population doublings (CPD) and the calendar age of the tissue donor. The study showed that senescence of HPMCs proceeds with either an increased percentage of SA-β-Gal-positive cells or increased enzyme activity. Cytochemical SA-β-Gal staining in early-passage cultures negatively correlated with CPD values but not with donor age in both cell cultures and omentum specimens. Conversely, SA-β-Gal activity measured with the fluorescence method rose in proportion to the calendar age of the donor either in early-passage cultures or in primary cell isolates from omental tissue. At the same time it was not related to the CPD values. These findings may suggest that with respect to at least peritoneal mesothelial cells, the cytochemical and fluorescent methods of SA-β-Gal detection, though complementary, are informative for different levels of aging, i.e. the cytochemical approach for senescence in vitro and the fluorescence-based technique for organismal aging in vivo.     

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves suppressed oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro and in human subjects

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves are consumed as vegetables around the world, especially in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of sweet potato leaves on low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro and in human subjects. We compared the antioxidant activity of 8 kinds of sweet potato leaves. Every sweet potato leaf had high radical scavenging activity and prolonged a lag time for starting low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. We found that sweet potato leaves contained abundant polyphenol compounds and the radical scavenging activity and prolongation rate of lag time were highly correlated with total polyphenol content. We also confirmed that thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production was increased in endothelial cell-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which was decreased by treatment with sweet potato leaves. We further measured the low-density lipoprotein oxidizability in 13 healthy volunteers after their intake of 18 g of “Suioh”, raw sweet potato leaves. “Suioh” prolonged a lag time for starting low-density lipoprotein oxidation and decreased low-density lipoprotein mobility. These results suggest that sweet potato leaves have antioxidant activity leading to the suppression of low-density lipoprotein oxidation.     

Paranoid psychosis in viral encephalitis: a case report

This article describes an inpatient case treated at the Mental Hospital in Zurawica, in which an appearance of a viral (herpetic?) encephalitis was preceded by a paranoid syndrome. One of many clinical situations, when an appearance of a somatic disease was preceded by manifestation of psychic disturbances, was demonstrated in this article.     

Analysis of HBV source in patients hospitalized at the Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology of the Medical Academy in Warsaw in the years 2000-2003

The purpose of the study was to evaluate routes of HBV transmission in 140 patients hospitalized in the Department of Hepatology and AIDS, Medical University of Warsaw in the years 2000--2003. Authors found two major routes of HBV infection in the observed patients: drug abuse and the unknown route in the group of young people and infection transmitted at the non-surgical wards among the patients older than 40 years.