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91.
Norfloxacin, a nalidixic acid analog, is the first of the fluorinated quinolinecarboxylic acids to be marketed in the United States. It demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria including the Enterobacteriaceae, gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Norfloxacin exhibits good activity against methicillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, but less activity against most other aerobic, gram-positive organisms. Anaerobic bacteria are resistant to the drug. Resistance to norfloxacin is not plasmid mediated, but is secondary to bacterial mutation, and occurs less frequently than nalidixic acid resistance. Its pharmacokinetic properties after a 400-mg oral dose consist of a peak serum concentration of 1.3-1.58 micrograms/ml, an elimination half-life of 3-7 hours, and good penetration into kidney and prostatic tissues. Renal excretion is the major route of elimination. Norfloxacin is highly effective in the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections, and gonococcal urethritis. Adverse effects are generally well tolerated and usually do not require discontinuation of therapy. 相似文献
92.
Judith Nemeth Annie Galian Jacqueline Mikol Béatrix Cochand-Priollet Michel Wassef Anne Lavergne 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1987,412(1):89-93
Summary The immunoreactivity of polyclonal antiserum to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been investigated. Twenty-three cases of malignant lymphoma (ML) were studied and compared with previously published reports. In our study 11 out of 23 cases showed strong or weak NSE positivity; any type of ML could be positive or negative even among B or T cell ML. This study indicated that polyclonal NSE is not a specific marker; it might be an inconstant marker of ML with no apparent correlation between reactivity and morphology or phenotype. 相似文献
93.
Purification of Encephalitozoon Cultures Contaminated by Mycoplasmas by Murine Intraperitoneal Inoculation 下载免费PDF全文
Olivier Ridoux Cdric Foucault Michel Drancourt 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(8):2380-2382
Encephalitozoon species are strict intracellular microsporidia. Cocultures with eukaryotic cell lines can become accidently contaminated by mycoplasmas. We propose a decontamination protocol based on differential cell targeting after intraperitoneal inoculation in mice. Mycoplasma-free microsporidia were isolated from the brains and spleens of inoculated mice 24 h postinoculation by using the centrifugation shell vial system. Identification was confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA. 相似文献
94.
95.
K. Mörike M. Koch Peter Fritz Wolfgang Urban Michel Eichelbaum 《Archives of toxicology》1996,70(5):300-305
In the pathogenesis of isoniazid-induced hepatic injury, cytochrome P450-dependent metabolic activation of the metabolite,
acetylhydrazine (AcHz), is the crucial step. Exhalation of [14C]-carbon dioxide has previously been used to quantify indirectly this pathway. In contrast, according to the current concept
of AcHz bioactivation, molecular nitrogen is produced directly, but has not yet been identified. Here, we measured [15N]-nitrogen and 14CO2 exhalation, after the administration of [15N2]-[14C]-AcHz, in rats. Laser magnetic resonance (LMR) spectroscopy, a new sensitive and specific technique for the measurement
of 15N and 14N in gas samples, was used. To demonstrate the involvement of cytochrome P450, rats were treated with phenobarbital (PB) or
PB + cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) (n=3 in each group). Time-dependent 15N2 exhalation differed significantly between treatment groups (p<0.001). At 240 min, cumulative exhalation of 15N was 1.92±0.43% (mean±SE) of the dose in the control group, 2.53±0.23% in the PB group, and 1.00±0.15% in the PB+CoCl2 group (p<0.05 compared to controls, p<0.01 compared to PB). Cumulative exhalation of 14CO2 in 24 h ranged from 15.1 to 21.9%, with no significant difference between treatment groups. In conclusion, N2 is a metabolite of AcHz. N2 formation reflects the cytochrome P450-mediated activation of AcHz and can be used as an index of this pathway. Generally,
LMR spectroscopy is valuable for monitoring any N2-liberating process in vivo.
Received: 14 March 1995/Accepted: 15 August 1995 相似文献
96.
Gabriel Gandolfo Gerard Lambeau Michel Lazdunski Claude Gottesmann 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》1996,78(5):341-347
Abstract: Three phospholipase A2 (PLA2s), OS1 and OS1 purified from the taipan snake venom Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus and bee venom PLA2 were injected to rats by the intracerebroventricular route. OS1 showed no sign of neurotoxicity at doses at which OS2 and bee venom PLA2 produced multiform dose-dependent behavioural effects including motor disturbances (stereotyped movements), compulsive scratching, convulsions and breathing difficulties. EEG recordings showed at the very time when the animal was motionless the induction of several episodes of a low frequency hippocampal theta rhythm, index of long-term changes in synaptic neuroplasticity. Spike-wave discharges were also produced but the occurrence was not systematic. These seizures were often accompanied with behavioural convulsions. Blockers of NMDA receptors and drugs modifying the GABAergic transmission could not abolish the neurotoxic effects of PLA2s except for diazepam (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) that prevented only OS2-induced disturbances. Blockers of L-type Ca2+ channels and K+ channel openers were also without effect. The toxicity of OS2 and bee venom PLA2 is probably due to their initial specific binding to their neuronal receptor sites. 相似文献
97.
Florence Lacaille Herv Zylberberg Herv Hagge Brigitte Roualds Christian Meyrignac Michel Chousterman Robert Girot 《Liver international》1998,18(1):49-51
ABSTRACT— Hepatitis C is frequently associated with immune-mediated diseases, such as cryoglobulinemia. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute demyelinating neuropathy of probable immune pathogenesis. We describe two patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and associated chronic hepatitis C, the second one previously treated with interferon. The link between both conditions may be hepatitis C being the trigger of this immune polyneuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome should be added to the list of conditions associated with hepatitis C. 相似文献
98.
Michel A. Ghossain Jean-Noël Buy Alain Ruiz Denis Jacob Catherine Sciot Danile Hugol Dominique Vadrot 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1998,8(6):1203-1206
A case of hyperreactio luteinalis in an otherwise normal pregnancy is reported. Ascites was present, but no peritoneal implants or adenopathy were seen. Findings that would have suggested the correct diagnosis are the symmetrical and bilateral pattern of the mass, as well as the rather uniform size of the loculi, which were 1 to 3 cm in diameter. 相似文献
99.
Prof. Paul Bonnevialle Yves Bellumore Michel Mansat 《Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie》1996,8(4):243-251
Summary
Goal of Surgery Stable internal fixation of extraarticular proximal humeral fractures.
Indications Extraarticular fractures angulated more than 30° which can be reduced closely or through a small incision.
Epiphysiolysis.
Fracture-dislocation of the humeral head.
Contraindications Pathological fractures.
Four part fractures.
Segmental fractures of the humerus.
Positioning and Anaesthesia Supine; the affected shoulder overhanging the edge of the table and supported by a radiolucent board.
General or regional anaesthesia.
Surgical Technique Closed pinning of two part and certain three part fractures of the proximal humerus being displaced, unstable, and mainly
at the metaphyseal level.
Introduction of Kirschner wires through a diaphyseal window and advancement into the proximal fragments after reduction which
is controlled by image intensification.
Postoperative Management Temporary immobilization in a sling.
Passive and active assisted movements after a few days.
Active movements after 2 weeks.
Removal of wires after 3 months.
Possible Complications Fracture of the humerus at the site of the cortical window. Injury to the radial nerve.
Results 32 patients, mean age 49 years, 30 two part fractures and 2 three part fractures. Number of Kirschner wires used: 3 to 6,
mean 4. Two out of 3 patients complained of pain at the site of wire insertion. All fractures consolidated. No avascular necrosis
nor infection.
Complications: Partial loss of internal fixation in 3 patients. One fracture of the humeral shaft. Sympathetic reflex dystrophy
in 3 patients. Half of the patients had a normal range of motion. Time of follow-up: 6 to 24 (mean 10) months.
Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France. 相似文献
100.
Daniel Fagret Jean-Eric Wolf Paul Pilichowski Jean-Paul Mathieu Claude Pernin Marcel Apparu Charles Arvieux Pierre Cuchet Michel Vidal Michel Comet 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1988,14(12):624-627
The myocardial uptake of fatty acids labeled with radioactive iodine and injected i.v. can only be evaluated with SPECT if their oxidation kinetics is slow enough. For this reason, we evaluated different iodomethylated fatty acids in mice and dogs to determine which of them shows the highest myocardial uptake and the slowest oxidation. The most suitable was found to be 16-iodo-3-methyl hexadecanoic acid (mono ) since its myocardial fixation was the same as that of the reference, i.e. 16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid (IHA), whereas it was degraded more slowly. Thirty min after injection of mono into dogs, the decrease in myocardial activity with respect to the maximum was two fold less than after IHA injection. The myocardial uptake of the two dimethylated fatty acids studied, i.e. 16-iodo-2,2-methyl hexadecanoic acid and 16-iodo-3,3-methyl hexadecanoic acid, was less than that of IHA in mice and dogs. In the latter, the myocardial uptake was so small that we were unable to study the time course of its activity. Consequently, these dimethylated fatty acids are not suitable for the study of the myocardial uptake of fatty acids in man. 相似文献