小儿严重外伤性硬脑膜静脉窦损伤19例

目的探讨小儿严重硬脑膜静脉窦损伤的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析19例小儿严重硬脑膜外伤性静脉窦损伤的诊治经过。19例中,采取上矢状窦结扎4例,上矢状窦修补14例,人造血管静脉窦重建1例。在处理静脉窦损伤的同时行颅内血肿清除及颅骨凹陷骨折复位术,其中7例开放性损伤患儿均行颅骨片一期植入术。结果全组痊愈14例(73.6%),肢体瘫痪2例(10.5%),死亡3例(15.7%)。术中平均失血量500 ml(200～4000 ml),其中8例出现失血性休克。3例死亡患儿均因术中严重失血导致不可逆性休克而死亡。结论小儿严重硬脑膜静脉窦损伤伤情重,处理困难,术中死亡率高。术前应根据颅骨骨折类型、部位及程度对静脉窦损伤作出诊断,充分准备,快速控制大出血,果断采取不同的止血及修补措施,以达到止血及恢复静脉窦通畅的目的。     

A HARD THYROID MASS DUE TO PLASMA CELL GRANULOMA

Plasma cell granuloma involving the thyroid is very rare. A 29-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented with a one-week history of fever, sore throat, neck tenderness and dysphagia. Antibiotics were given but over the next two weeks a hard 8 cm mass in the left lobe of the thyroid developed. Fine needle aspiration was not diagnostic and surgical exploration revealed an inflammatory process arising from the left lobe of the thyroid involving the left sternothyroid muscle and parapharyngeal spaces. Histology of multiple biopsies showed plasma cell granuloma. Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated the presence of IgG, IgM and IgA with predominance of IgG. The residual mass resolved and was impalpable after four weeks. Plasma cell granuloma should be suspected when there is a rapidly developing hard thyroid mass. Open biopsy/removal and histological confirmation are mandatory and residual disease may resolve within weeks.     

16、20、24、28通道记录对平均平方根值脑电地形图的影响

目的评估不同的电极密度对BEAM数据精确性的影响。方法32名年龄50~59岁正常受试者。采用1和4点插值计算方法计算平均平方根功率BEAM。对比16、20、24、28通道记录的BEAM。结果6个脑电频段61%(11/18)的高功率值电极部位不在16通道的记录电极之内。其中73%(8/11)的高功率电极位于中线电极(Fz、Cz、Pz、OZ)。16通道记录时各个频段的功率值明显降低。增加记录电极,BEAM的精确性增加。结论16通道记录的BEAM存在明显的失真,在低密度电极记录的条件下计算BEAM至少20通道。     

髂-股动脉多层螺旋CT测量

目的:采用16层螺旋CTA对髂-股动脉进行测量,为经髂-股动脉介入诊疗提供影像学数据。方法:收集2010年6月～9月符合要求的连续病例350例,按照年龄21～40岁、41～60岁、61～89岁分为A、B、C组。经肘正中静脉注射对比剂后,用16层螺旋CT进行包括盆腔区的增强扫描,薄层重建图像用容积再现技术对髂-股动脉进行三维重建。测量动脉分叉到髂嵴连线、股骨头上缘连线的垂直距离及动脉分叉夹角。相同性别不同年龄组间采用单因素方差分析,相同年龄组不同性别采用两独立样本t检验,不同侧别间采用配对样本t检验。结果:腹主动脉分叉、左右髂总动脉分叉、左右股总动脉分叉到股骨头上缘连线的垂直距离男性A组分别为(132.5±12.8)mm、(87.1±14.9)mm、(88.8±11.3)mm、(43.4±13.7)mm、(41.5±15.0)mm,B组为(126.5±11.6)mm、(84.8±14.2)mm、(89.1±12.9)mm、(44.3±10.1)mm、(46.2±10.1)mm,C组为(115.6±10.7)mm、(80.3±14.3)mm、(82.3±13.6)mm、(39.1±10.0)mm、(40.4±10.0)mm,女性A组分别为(135.4±12.1)mm、(91.3±15.1)mm、(97.4±14.1)mm、(36.5±10.3)mm、(36.2±10.3)mm,B组为(129.8±12.7)mm、(92.7±12.5)mm、(96.0±13.3)mm、(36.5±10.8)mm、(35.8±10.9)mm,C组为(121.2±13.1)mm、(84.0±11.3)mm、(86.3±11.4)mm、(36.4±12.2)mm、(36.9±11.0)mm。除男性左髂总动脉分叉、女性左右股总动脉分叉到股骨头上缘连线的垂直距离外,不同年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹主动脉分叉夹角、左右髂总动脉分叉夹角男性A组分别为(38.2±5.8)°、(26.6±16.9)°、(30.5±10.8)°,B组为(38.1±11.3)°、(25.3±10.8)°、(24.8±11.2)°,C组为(45.1±16.5)°、(25.8±12.5)°、(25.6±13.2)°,女性A组分别为(46.9±10.9)°、(28.2±13.5)°、(28.9±10.2)°,B组为(40.7±11.2)°、(20.3±10.3)°、(21.6±9.7)°,C组为(45.1±11.2)°、(21.0±9.9)°、(27.0±12.1)°,男女腹主动脉分叉夹角、男性左右髂总动脉分叉夹角不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两侧对比三组的髂总动脉分叉点至股骨头上缘连线垂直距离差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:16层螺旋CTA可对髂-股动脉进行准确测量,为介入诊疗提供数据。     

吲哚美辛对β淀粉样蛋白1-42诱发BV-2细胞产生炎性介质的抑制作用

目的研究吲哚美辛对β淀粉样蛋白1-42（Aβ1-42）刺激小胶质细胞释放炎性介质一氧化氮（NO）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的抑制作用。方法应用高度纯化的BV-2小胶质细胞作为体外小胶质细胞模型，应用不同浓度吲哚美辛（10^-9，10^-8，10^-7，10^-6，10^-5mol／L）与20μmol／LAβ1—42单独或同时培养12h，测定细胞上清NO及IL，1β含量；RT—PCR法测定BV-2细胞iNOSmRNA及IL-1βmRNA的表达。结果吲哚美辛单独作用对BV-2细胞产生NO、IL-1β及iNOSmRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达无明显作用。Aβl—42可以刺激BV-2细胞产生NO及IL-1β，并增加iNOSmRNA及IL-1βmRNA表达，这种作用均可被吲哚美辛所抑制，在吲哚美辛浓度为10^-7～10^-5mol／L时抑制作用较为明显。结论在体外吲哚美辛可以降低Aβ1—42介导的BV-2细胞iNOSmRNA及IL-1βmRNA表达，从而减少NO及IL-1β的产生，上述抑制作用可能参与了吲哚美辛在阿尔茨海默病治疗中的神经元保护机制。     

Continuous haemodynamic monitoring in children: use of transoesophageal Doppler

A wide range of invasive and non-invasive techniques for monitoring the haemodynamic condition of critically ill patients is now available. A general reluctance on the part of paediatric intensive care specialists to use pulmonary artery thermodilution catheters and the need for constant realignment of hand-held Doppler probes has necessitated the search for a technique which is relatively non-invasive and provides continuous information on the haemodynamic condition of critically ill paediatric patients. We sought to establish if transoesophageal Doppler fulfilled these criteria. Eleven children who had recently undergone cardiac surgery were studied. Median age was 39 months and weight 14.9 kg. Five simultaneous pairs of measurements of cardiac index (CI: thermodilution) and minute distance (MD: transoesophageal Doppler) were made, as a baseline, when each child was haemo-dynamically stable. Following a fluid challenge, five repeat pairs of measurements were made. The mean percentage changes for CI and MD were 16.4% (range 5.3-44%) and 16.6% (3.4-47.7%), respectively. The average coefficients of variation for measurements of CI and MD were 3.5% and 2.9%, respectively. The mean difference in percentage change between CI and MD was -0.5% (95% confidence interval for the bias –4% to 3%; limits of agreement –10.7 to +9.7%). Our study indicates that transoesophageal Doppler is reproducible, easy to use and provides clinically acceptable information when following changes in CI in haemodynamically stable paediatric patients. ? Cardiac index, minute distance, pulmonary artery catheter, thermodilution, transoesophageal Doppler