全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3453篇 |
免费 | 185篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 17篇 |
儿科学 | 157篇 |
妇产科学 | 76篇 |
基础医学 | 505篇 |
口腔科学 | 74篇 |
临床医学 | 318篇 |
内科学 | 720篇 |
皮肤病学 | 191篇 |
神经病学 | 202篇 |
特种医学 | 94篇 |
外科学 | 419篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
预防医学 | 145篇 |
眼科学 | 77篇 |
药学 | 292篇 |
中国医学 | 8篇 |
肿瘤学 | 351篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 46篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 87篇 |
2018年 | 89篇 |
2017年 | 57篇 |
2016年 | 87篇 |
2015年 | 84篇 |
2014年 | 85篇 |
2013年 | 135篇 |
2012年 | 199篇 |
2011年 | 250篇 |
2010年 | 154篇 |
2009年 | 114篇 |
2008年 | 219篇 |
2007年 | 235篇 |
2006年 | 230篇 |
2005年 | 217篇 |
2004年 | 210篇 |
2003年 | 191篇 |
2002年 | 192篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 36篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 36篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有3660条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Yuka Okada Naoki Okada Shinsaku Nakagawa Hiroyuki Mizuguchi Koichi Takahashi Nobuyasu Mizuno Takuya Fujita Akira Yamamoto Takao Hayakawa Tadanori Mayumi 《Japanese journal of cancer research》2002,93(4):436-444
Although adenovirus vectors (Ad) provide high-level transduction efficacy to many cell types, extremely high doses of Ad are required for sufficient gene transduction into several tumors, including melanoma. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, a primitive Ad-receptor, was very low in murine and human melanoma cells. We also found that fiber-mutant Ad containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the fiber knob remarkably augmented gene transduction efficacy in melanoma cells by targeting alpha(v)-integrins. In addition, intratumoral injection of RGD fiber-mutant Ad containing the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene (Ad-RGD-TNFalpha) revealed dramatic anti-tumor efficacy through hemolytic necrosis in an established murine B16 BL6 melanoma model. Ad-RGD-TNFalpha required one-tenth the dosage of Ad-TNFalpha to induce an equal therapeutic effect. These results suggest that alpha(v)-integrin-targeted Ad will be a very powerful tool for the advancement of melanoma gene therapy. 相似文献
32.
33.
Chikara Kunisaki Hirochika Makino Ryo Takagawa Kei Sato Mayumi Kawamata Amane Kanazawa Naoto Yamamoto Yasuhiko Nagano Shoichi Fujii Hidetaka A. Ono Hirotoshi Akiyama Hiroshi Shimada 《Surgical endoscopy》2009,23(9):2085-2093
Background Some studies have found high incidences of intraoperative and postoperative complications for patients with gastric cancer.
To determine the predictive factors for the surgical complications of laparoscopic gastric surgery, surgical outcomes were
evaluated.
Methods Between April 2002 and December 2007, 152 patients with preoperatively diagnosed early gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopy-assisted
distal gastrectomy (LADG) were enrolled. Visceral (VFA) and subcutaneous fat areas (SFA) were assessed by Fat Scan software.
The predictive factors for surgical complications of LADG were evaluated by univariate and logistic regression analyses.
Results Of 152 patients, conversion to open surgery due to uncontrollable bleeding was observed in nine male patients, and postoperative
complications were detected in seven male and one female patient (four anastomotic leakage, two intraabdominal abscess, one
pancreatic fistula, and one lymphorrhea). High body mass index (BMI) and high VFA independently predicted conversion to open
surgery and postoperative complications. VFA was significantly higher, operation time was longer, blood loss was greater,
and SFA was lower in male than in female patients, whereas no significant difference was observed in BMI between male and
female patients.
Conclusions High BMI and high VFA can predict technical difficulties during laparoscopic gastric surgery and postoperative complications.
Particularly, LADG should be performed cautiously to prevent surgical complications for male patients with high VFA. Predictive
impact of VFA should be further determined in a larger set of patients. 相似文献
34.
Mayumi Anne Willgerodt Arlene Michaels Miller Beverly J. McElmurry 《Health care for women international》2013,34(5):467-480
Ethnic and racial diversity in the United States has led to increasing interest in research on biculturalism, yet the meaning and underlying processes of biculturalism in the context of development in young adults are not well understood. Fifteen interviews were conducted with second-generation Chinese American women to explore how being bicultural fit into their lives. Data analysis yielded a developmental map that reflected their experiences throughout life as minority women. Findings suggest that biculturalism is more than being functionally competent in two cultures, it is both a behavioral and psychological orientation in life. From the findings of this study, we have increased our knowledge of Asian American women's development and provided a foundation for nursing research with minority women. 相似文献
35.
36.
Kuwabara H Asada M Honda Y Sumioka R Makita S Okabe M Kobayashi H 《Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi》2012,113(1):39-40
37.
BACKGROUND: General and local anesthetics are used in various combinations during surgical procedures to repair damaged tissues and organs, which in almost all instances involve nervous system functions. Because synaptic transmission recovers rapidly from various inhalation anesthetics, it is generally assumed that their effects on nerve regeneration and synapse formation that precede injury or surgery may not be as detrimental as that of their local counterparts. However, a direct comparison of most commonly used inhalation (sevoflurane, isoflurane) and local anesthetics (lidocaine, bupivacaine), vis-a-vis their effects on synapse transmission, neurite regeneration, and synapse formation has not yet been performed. METHODS: In this study, using cell culture, electrophysiologic and imaging techniques on unequivocally identified presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons from the mollusc Lymnaea, the authors provided a comparative account of the effects of both general and local anesthetics on synaptic transmission, nerve regeneration, and synapse formation between cultured neurons. RESULTS: The data show that clinically used concentrations of both inhalation and local anesthetics affect synaptic transmission in a concentration-dependent and reversal manner. The authors provided the first direct evidence that long-term overnight treatment of cultured neurons with sevoflurane and isoflurane does not affect neurite regeneration, whereas both lidocaine and bupivacaine suppress neurite outgrowth completely. The soma-soma synapse model was then used to compare the effects of both types of agents on synapse formation. The authors found that local but not inhalation anesthetics drastically reduced the incidence of synapse formation. The local anesthetic-induced prevention of synapse formation most likely involved the failure of presynaptic machinery, which otherwise developed normally in the presence of both sevoflurane and isoflurane. CONCLUSION: This study thus provides the first comparative, albeit preclinical, account of the effects of both general and local anesthetics on synaptic transmission, nerve regeneration, and synapse formation and demonstrates that clinically used lidocaine and bupivacaine have drastic long-term effects on neurite regeneration and synapse formation as compared with sevoflurane and isoflurane. 相似文献
38.
Haemodynamic effects of induction of general anaesthesia with propofol during epidural anaesthesia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Toshiharu Kasaba Osamu Kondou Yasuhiro Yoshimura Yumi Watanabe Mayumi Takasaki 《Journal canadien d'anesthésie》1998,45(11):1061-1065
PURPOSE: To clarify whether propofol administration during thoracic or lumbar epidural anaesthesia intensifies the haemodynamic depression associated with epidural anaesthesia. METHODS: Patients (n = 45) undergoing procedures of similar magnitude were randomly divided into three study groups: a control group (n = 15) receiving general anaesthesia alone and two study groups undergoing thoracic (n = 15) and lumbar epidural anaesthesia (n = 15) before induction of general anaesthesia. All patients received 2 mg.kg-1 propofol at a rate of 200 mg.min-1, followed by a continuous infusion of 4 mg.kg-1.hr-1. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline, three minutes after induction, and one minute after tracheal intubation in all three groups and at 20 min after epidural anaesthesia was established in the thoracic and lumbar groups. RESULTS: Following epidural anaesthesia, MAP decreased from 94 +/- 14 (SD) at baseline to 75 +/- 11 mmHg (P < 0.0001) in the thoracic group and from 92 +/- 12 to 83 +/- 15 mmHg in the lumbar group. After propofol administration, MAP decreased further in the thoracic group to 63 +/- 9 mmHg (P = 0.0077) and to 67 +/- 10 mmHg (P = 0.0076) in the lumbar group. The MAP following propofol induction in the thoracic group (P < 0.0001) and in the lumbar group (P = 0.0001) was lower than MAP in the control group (81 +/- 9 mmHg). HR decreased only in response to thoracic epidural anaesthesia (P = 0.0066). CONCLUSION: The hypotensive effects of propofol are additive to those of epidural anaesthesia, resulting in a profound decrease in mean arterial pressure. 相似文献
39.
Akira Marui Takaaki Mochizuki Norimasa Mitsui Tadaaki Koyama Mayumi Horibe 《General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》1998,46(11):1112-1116
Our purpose was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of olprinone hydrochloride early after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Fifteen patients undergoing CABG were administered a constant infusion of 0.1 μg/kg/min of olprinone and continued for 4 hours. No bolus infusion of olprinone was administered before continuous infusion. Systolic systemic arterial pressure, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly decreased. There were no significant changes in heart rate, mean central venous pressure, mean left atrial pressure and left ventricular stroke work index. Cardiac index was significantly increased, but a correlation between cardiac index and mixed venous blood oxygen saturation was not found. Double product was significantly decreased, which described above suggest that olprinone achieved improvement of left cardiac function without more myocardial oxygen consumption. Severe transient hypotension (systolic arterial pressure <80 mmHg) after infusion of olprinone was observed in three patients. Olprinone administered soon after CABG surgery had beneficial effects in terms of improvement of hemodynamic status without more oxygen consumption and reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance. However transient hypotension was a serious clinical problem in patients after open heart surgery, especially in CABG patients who need suitable systolic arterial pressure to keep enough blood perfusion of arterial bypass grafts. 相似文献
40.
Yuuta Kasagi Koji Yamazaki Akihiko Nakashima Takeshi Yamana Nami Yamashita Hiroto Kayashima Yuji Hoshino Mayumi Ishida Tomoharu Yoshizumi Noriaki Sadanaga Atsushi Fukuda Hiroshi Matsuura Kenichiro Okadome 《Surgery today》2009,39(12):1064-1067
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm. The origin of osteosarcoma in the pleura is extremely rare, with only four such cases so far documented in the literature to the best of our knowledge. We herein report the case of a 64-year-old Japanese man in whom a left pneumonectomy and pleurectomy were carried out to remove a huge tumor. The pathological examination confi rmed a diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma that had originally arisen from the pleura. 相似文献