Induction of bone formation in biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds by bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and primary osteoblasts

Bone tissue engineering strategies mainly depend on porous scaffold materials. In this study, novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) matrices were generated by 3D‐printing. High porosity was achieved by starch consolidation. This study aimed to characterise the porous BCP‐scaffold properties and interactions of osteogenic cells and growth factors under in vivo conditions. Five differently treated constructs were implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic rats: plain BCP constructs (group A), constructs pre‐treated with BMP‐2 (group B; 1.6 µg BMP‐2 per scaffold), seeded with primary osteoblasts (OB) (group C), seeded with OB and BMP‐2 (group D) and constructs seeded with OB and pre‐cultivated in a flow bioreactor for 6 weeks (group E). After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, specimens were explanted and subjected to histological and molecular biological analyses. Explanted scaffolds were invaded by fibrovascular tissue without significant foreign body reactions. Morphometric analysis demonstrated significantly increased bone formation in samples from group D (OB + BMP‐2) compared to all other groups. Samples from groups B‐E displayed significant mRNA expression of bone‐specific genes after 6 weeks. Pre‐cultivation in the flow bioreactor (group E) induced bone formation comparable with group B. In this study, differences in bone distribution between samples with BMP‐2 or osteoblasts could be observed. In conclusion, combination of osteoblasts and BMP‐2 synergistically enhanced bone formation in novel ceramic scaffolds. These results provide the basis for further experiments in orthotopic defect models with a focus on future applications in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硬膜外腔特异压力波形用于硬膜外穿刺及麻醉效果分析

目的 比较特异性压力波形与传统针刺测试麻醉平面行硬膜外麻醉的效果,探讨特异性压力波形预测硬膜外麻醉效果的可行性. 方法 拟于硬膜外麻醉下行择期胆囊切除手术患者600例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,年龄、体重、性别不限.根据特异性压力波形辅助方法,随机数字表法随机分为两组(每组300例):试验组(T9-10,T组)和对照组(T9-10,C组).所有患者均采用正中入路进针,常规盲探突破法(阻力消失)进入硬膜外腔,两组均予以气泡盐水无压缩证实进入硬膜外腔,置管成功后C组按常规注入试验量5ml局麻药,T组连接压力监测装置,观察记录压力图像判断麻醉效果,直接予以初量10 ml～12 ml局麻药(不注试验量).C组采用针刺法确定麻醉效果及平面.记录两组穿刺结束至手术开始时间、阻滞效果、各类副作用.T组记录观察分次注药后压力波形变化. 结果 两组穿刺结束至手术开始时间比较,T组明显缩短(P＜0.05).T组压力持续12 mm Hg～25 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),且为正弦波形,麻醉效果满意;压力值≥30 mm Hg,且波形为直线,麻醉效果差.压力波形特异性与麻醉效果存在相关关系. 结论 在保留传统硬膜外腔穿刺优点的同时,特异性压力波形可预知硬膜外麻醉效果,在注入试验量前可明确硬膜外麻醉成功与否,提高了硬膜外麻醉精确性.     

伴或不伴胰岛素抵抗的多囊卵巢综合征的超声特征及其与内分泌指标的相关性

目的 比较伴或不伴胰岛素抵抗（IR）的多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者的超声特征及其内分泌指标的相关性。方法 根据胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）将126例PCOS患者分为PCOS伴胰岛素抵抗组（IR-PCOS组,67例）和PCOS不伴胰岛素抵抗组（NIR-PCOS组,59例）。经腔内超声测量并比较两组卵巢和子宫灰阶及彩色多普勒超声参数;检测并比较两组性激素及血脂等相关内分泌指标;分析超声参数与内分泌指标间的相关性。结果 IR-PCOS组卵巢卵泡数（FN）、卵巢间质面积与总面积之比明显增高（P<0.05）,卵巢体积、子宫动脉阻力指数（RI）显著增高（P<0.01）,卵巢间质动脉RI降低（P<0.01）,体质量指数（BMI）、游离睾酮增高（P<0.01）,性激素结合球蛋白降低（P<0.05）,甘油三酯、HOMA-IR、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、空腹血浆胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2 h血浆胰岛素显著增高（P<0.01）,FPG增高（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白降低（P<0.01）。IR-PCOS组FN与黄体生成素与卵泡刺激素比值呈正相关（P<0.01）;卵巢体积与BMI、糖化血红蛋白、HOMA-IR、FPG、2hPG呈正相关（P<0.01）;卵巢体积与FINS呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 IR-PCOS与NIR-PCOS患者超声特征及内分泌指标有一定差异,且其间有一定相关性。     

Genotype Imputation of MetabochipSNPs Using a Study-Specific Reference Panel of ∼4,000 Haplotypes in African Americans From the Women's Health Initiative

Genetic imputation has become standard practice in modern genetic studies. However, several important issues have not been adequately addressed including the utility of study-specific reference, performance in admixed populations, and quality for less common (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.005-0.05) and rare (MAF < 0.005) variants. These issues only recently became addressable with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) follow-up studies using dense genotyping or sequencing in large samples of non-European individuals. In this work, we constructed a study-specific reference panel of 3,924 haplotypes using African Americans in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) genotyped on both the Metabochip and the Affymetrix 6.0 GWAS platform. We used this reference panel to impute into 6,459 WHI SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) study subjects with only GWAS genotypes. Our analysis confirmed the imputation quality metric Rsq (estimated r(2) , specific to each SNP) as an effective post-imputation filter. We recommend different Rsq thresholds for different MAF categories such that the average (across SNPs) Rsq is above the desired dosage r(2) (squared Pearson correlation between imputed and experimental genotypes). With a desired dosage r(2) of 80%, 99.9% (97.5%, 83.6%, 52.0%, 20.5%) of SNPs with MAF > 0.05 (0.03-0.05, 0.01-0.03, 0.005-0.01, and 0.001-0.005) passed the post-imputation filter. The average dosage r(2) for these SNPs is 94.7%, 92.1%, 89.0%, 83.1%, and 79.7%, respectively. These results suggest that for African Americans imputation of Metabochip SNPs from GWAS data, including low frequency SNPs with MAF 0.005-0.05, is feasible and worthwhile for power increase in downstream association analysis provided a sizable reference panel is available.     

2009年内蒙古自治区盟(市)、旗县(区)两级健康教育机构与人力资源现状调查

目的了解2009年内蒙古盟市、旗县(区)两级健康教育机构与人力资源现状。方法采用《2009年健康教育所(中心)业务工作调查表及基本情况调查表》(卫统46表)对内蒙古盟市、旗县(区)两级健康教育机构设置、人力资源、经费和活动形式进行问卷调查。结果全区12个盟市中有7个盟市级健康教育所为独立建制;104个旗县(区)均有健康教育机构,其中有20个为独立建制。盟市、旗县(区)两级分别有专职健康教育人员73人和190人,两级机构人员学历以本科(40.7%)和大专(39.5%)为主,职称构成均以中级(36.5%)和初级(39.16%)为主,医学背景(公共卫生或临床医学)人员比例仅为人员总数的32.3%。两级健康教育机构的经费主要来源于财政拨款,健康教育机构的工作形式主要有印刷小册子、折页、宣传画、举办健康知识讲座等。结论内蒙古自治区健康教育存在管理体制不顺,专业人员数量偏少、整体素质偏低,财政投入不足,活动形式过于老化与单一等突出问题,需要在医药卫生体制改革中得到解决。     

FS02.6Patch test reactivity to nickel sulphate and fragrance mix in unselected children

Aim:  To investigate the occurrence of hand eczema after 20 years in schoolgirls previously patch‐tested to nickel.
Methods:  In 1982–83, 960 schoolgirls, aged 8, 11 and 15 years, were investigated for the occurrence of nickel allergy (Larson‐Stymne B and Widström L, Contact Dermatitis 1985:13:289–293). The girls were patch‐tested and the prevalence of nickel allergy was 9%. Twenty years later, the same individuals have received a questionnaire regarding hand eczema and factors of importance for the development of hand eczema. After two reminders, the response rate was 81%.
Results:  In total 17.5% of the girls reported hand eczema after the age of 15. The 1‐year prevalence of hand eczema was 12.6%. Of the previously patch‐tested schoolgirls who answered the questionnaire, 63 were sensitive to nickel. In this study, the prevalence of hand eczema among those 63 was 16%, compared to 17% in the non‐sensitive group (NS). Excluding persons with atopic dermatitis, the prevalence of hand eczema was 12.5% in the nickel‐sensitive group, and 10% among the others (NS). 32% of the persons who had had atopic dermatitis reported hand eczema after 15 years of age, compared to 10% of those with no history of atopic dermatitis (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:  Contact allergy to nickel in early childhood (8–15 years) did not seem to increase the prevalence of hand eczema later in life. The prevalence of hand eczema was increased by a factor of three among those with a history of atopic dermatitis, which is in accordance with earlier reports.     

Lipomatous meningioma: Characteristic computed tomographic appearance

A case of lipomatous meningioma is reported. This is a rare variant of meningioma in which metaplasia of meningoepithelial cells occurs and mature adipocytes are present within the tumour. The heterogeneous attenuation and heterogeneous enhancement visualized on computed tomography (CT) can mimic necrotic malignant tumours. However, the demonstration of fat attenuation within the tumour explains the heterogeneity and suggests a benign process. The differential diagnosis of an extra-axial fat-containing tumour should include lipomatous meningioma.