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991.
Riva-Murray K Chasar LC Bradley PM Burns DA Brigham ME Smith MJ Abrahamsen TA 《Ecotoxicology (London, England)》2011,20(7):1530-1542
Controls on mercury bioaccumulation in lotic ecosystems are not well understood. During 2007–2009, we studied mercury and
stable isotope spatial patterns of macroinvertebrates and fishes from two medium-sized (<80 km2) forested basins in contrasting settings. Samples were collected seasonally from multiple sites across the Fishing Brook
basin (FBNY), in New York’s Adirondack Mountains, and the McTier Creek basin (MCSC), in South Carolina’s Coastal Plain. Mean methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations within macroinvertebrate feeding groups, and
mean total mercury (THg) concentrations within most fish feeding groups were similar between the two regions. However, mean
THg concentrations in game fish and forage fish, overall, were much lower in FBNY (1300 and 590 ng/g dw, respectively) than in MCSC (2300 and 780 ng/g dw, respectively), due to lower trophic positions of these groups from FBNY (means 3.3 and 2.7, respectively) than MCSC (means 3.7 and 3.3, respectively). Much larger spatial variation in topography and water chemistry across FBNY contributed to greater spatial variation in biotic Hg and positive correlations with dissolved MeHg and organic carbon in
streamwater. Hydrologic transport distance (HTD) was negatively correlated with biotic Hg across FBNY, and was a better predictor than wetland density. The small range of landscape conditions across MCSC resulted in no consistent spatial patterns, and no discernable correspondence with local-scale environmental factors. This
study demonstrates the importance of local-scale environmental factors to mercury bioaccumulation in topographically heterogeneous
landscapes, and provides evidence that food-chain length can be an important predictor of broad-scale differences in Hg bioaccumulation
among streams. 相似文献
992.
Diterpenoids from the freshwater green algae Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum with antibacterial activity
Three new isopimarane diterpenes 7β-hydroxy-19α-methylmalonyloxy-isopimara-8(14),15-diene (1), 7β-hydroxy-14-oxo-isopimara-8(9),15-dien-19oic acid (2), and 7β-hydroxy-14-oxo-19α-methylmalonyloxy-isopimara-9(11),15-diene (3) in addition to the known compounds isopimaric acid (4), 7oxo-13-epi-pimara-14,15-dien-18oic acid (5), 7oxo-13-epi-pimara-8,15-dien-18oic acid (6), and 6β-hydroxyisopimaric acid (7) were isolated from the hexane extract of Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum. The structures of compounds 1-7 were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The isolated diterpenoids were screened for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeast strains. 相似文献
993.
994.
Cachexia is characterized by severe weight loss, including adipose and muscle wasting, and occurs in a large percentage of cancer patients. Insulin resistance contributes to dysregulated metabolism in cachexia and occurs prior to weight loss in mice with colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia. Therefore, we hypothesized that the insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, would attenuate the loss of adipose and muscle to result in improved outcomes for mice with late-stage cachexia. Male CD2F1 mice were inoculated with colon-26 adenocarcinoma cells or vehicle. Treatments included vehicle, rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg body weight/day) or rosiglitazone plus pair-feeding to food intake of vehicle-treated mice with tumors. Rosiglitazone delayed weight loss onset by 2 d over the 16 d duration of this aggressive tumor model. This finding was associated, in part, with increased food intake. In addition, adipose mass, adipocyte cross-sectional area and inflammation were improved with rosiglitazone. However, at the time of necropsy 16 d after tumor inoculation rosiglitazone had no effect on retention of muscle mass, strength or proteolysis in late-stage cachexia. We did not measure stamina or endurance in this study. In early-stage cachexia, rosiglitazone normalized PDK4 and PPAR-delta mRNA in quadriceps muscle and rescued the decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose disappearance in mice with tumors. Rosiglitazone may delay weight loss onset by decreasing tumor-induced markers of metabolic change in early-stage cachexia. These changes predict for modest improvement in adipose, but no improvement in muscle strength in late-stage cachexia. 相似文献
995.
Lacy MQ 《Current hematologic malignancy reports》2011,6(2):120-125
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. The introduction of thalidomide was a milestone in the treatment
of MM. Thalidomide analogues termed immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been developed that are more effective and have less
toxicity than thalidomide. The role of lenalidomide in relapsed MM has been well defined. This review discusses the data regarding
the upfront use of lenalidomide with dexamethasone or in multidrug combinations, as well as its potential role as maintenance
therapy. It also reviews our experience with pomalidomide, a new IMid with remarkable activity in relapsed, refractory MM. 相似文献
996.
Shirshendu Sinha S. Vincent Rajkumar Martha Q. Lacy Suzanne R. Hayman Francis K. Buadi Angela Dispenzieri David Dingli Robert A. Kyle Morie A. Gertz Shaji Kumar 《British journal of haematology》2010,148(6):853-858
Dexamethasone (Dex), alone or in combination, is commonly used for treating multiple myeloma. Dex as single agent for initial therapy of myeloma results in overall response rates of 50–60%. It is unclear whether steroid responsiveness reflects any biological characteristic that impacts long‐term outcome. We studied a cohort of 182 patients with newly diagnosed myeloma seen between March 1998 and June 2007, initially treated with single‐agent Dex for at least 4 weeks. The median age at diagnosis was 63 years (range, 39–81) and the median estimated survival was 55 months. At a median duration of therapy of 15 weeks, 91 (50%) patients had a partial response or better, 80 (44%) had less than partial response and the remaining (6%) patients were not evaluable. The median overall survival from diagnosis for the responders was 75 months compared to 71 months for remaining patients, P = 0·6.There was no correlation between baseline disease characteristics and Dex responsiveness. While overall survival was longer for the 130 (70%) patients who proceeded to an autologous stem cell transplant, no correlation was found between survival and Dex responsiveness among either group. Among this cohort of patients with myeloma, failure to respond to single agent steroid did not have an adverse impact on eventual outcome. 相似文献
997.
Longitudinal association between toenail selenium levels and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis: The CARDIA trace element study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pengcheng Xun Kiang Liu J. Steven Morris Martha L. Daviglus Ka He 《Atherosclerosis》2010,210(2):662-667
Objectives
To examine the longitudinal association between toenail selenium levels and subclinical atherosclerosis over an 18-year period.Methods
Toenail selenium concentrations were examined among 3112 Americans age 20–32 years in 1987 and measured by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Subclinical atherosclerosis, including common, bulb and internal carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), was measured in 2005 and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in 2000 and 2005. General linear regression was developed examining the relation between toenail selenium levels and CIMTs, and logistic regression for repeated outcomes was employed estimating the risk of having CAC > 0.Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, no associations were observed between toenail selenium levels and CIMTs as well as CAC score. Comparing participants in the highest with the lowest quintile of selenium, the CIMT was 0.005 mm (SE = 0.008 mm, Ptrend = 0.39), 0.018 mm (SE = 0.019 mm, Ptrend = 0.49), and 0.017 mm (SE = 0.014 mm, Ptrend = 0.21) thicker measured in common, bulb and internal carotid, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of having CAC > 0 was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.67–1.35; Ptrend = 0.999).Conclusions
No associations were observed between toenail selenium and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis among American young adults. This study does not support an atherosclerotic mechanism of selenium for risk reduction of cardiovascular disease. 相似文献998.
Li Y Stewart NK Berger AJ Vos S Schoeffler AJ Berger JM Chait BT Oakley MG 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2010,107(44):18832-18837
In contrast to the current state of knowledge in the field of eukaryotic chromosome segregation, relatively little is known about the mechanisms coordinating the appropriate segregation of bacterial chromosomes. In Escherichia coli, the MukB/E/F complex and topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) are both crucial players in this process. Topo IV removes DNA entanglements following the replication of the chromosome, whereas MukB, a member of the structural maintenance of chromosomes protein family, serves as a bacterial condensin. We demonstrate here a direct physical interaction between the dimerization domain of MukB and the C-terminal domain of the ParC subunit of Topo IV. In addition, we find that MukB alters the activity of Topo IV in vitro. Finally, we isolate a MukB mutant, D692A, that is deficient in its interaction with ParC and show that this mutant fails to rescue the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of a mukB(-) strain. These results show that MukB and Topo IV are linked physically and functionally and indicate that the activities of these proteins are not limited to chromosome segregation but likely also play a key role in the control of higher-order bacterial chromosome structure. 相似文献
999.
John D. Meeker Howard Hu David E. Cantonwine Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa Antonia M. Calafat Adrienne S. Ettinger Mauricio Hernandez-Avila Rita Loch-Caruso Martha María Téllez-Rojo 《Environmental health perspectives》2009,117(10):1587-1592
Background
Rates of preterm birth have been rising over the past several decades. Factors contributing to this trend remain largely unclear, and exposure to environmental contaminants may play a role.Objective
We investigated the relationship between phthalate exposure and preterm birth.Methods
Within a large Mexican birth cohort study, we compared third-trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in 30 women who delivered preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) with those of 30 controls (≥ 37 weeks of gestation).Results
Concentrations of most of the metabolites were similar to those reported among U.S. females, although in the present study mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) concentrations were higher and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations lower. In a crude comparison before correcting for urinary dilution, geometric mean urinary concentrations were higher for the phthalate metabolites MBP, MBzP, mono(3-carboxylpropyl) phthalate, and four metabolites of di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate among women who subsequently delivered preterm. These differences remained, but were somewhat lessened, after correction by specific gravity or creatinine. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, elevated odds of having phthalate metabolite concentrations above the median level were found.Conclusions
We found that phthalate exposure is prevalent among this group of pregnant women in Mexico and that some phthalates may be associated with preterm birth. 相似文献1000.
J. Richard Pilsner Howard Hu Adrienne Ettinger Brisa N. Sánchez Robert O. Wright David Cantonwine Alicia Lazarus Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa Adriana Mercado-García Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo Mauricio Hernández-Avila 《Environmental health perspectives》2009,117(9):1466-1471