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31.
Stanislava Erdelja Petra Vokal Marija Bolfan Sergej Augustin Erdelja Branka Begovac Ivan Begovac 《Croatian medical journal》2013,54(5):460-468
Aim
To assess the relationships between delinquency and demographic and family variables, academic performance, war stressors, home/community, school, and media violence exposure, self-image, and psychopathology.Methods
This cross-sectional study included 100 delinquent, incarcerated male adolescents and 100 matched schoolchildren from Croatia. It lasted from January 2008 to June 2009, and used socio-demographic questionnaire, questionnaire on children’s stressful and traumatic war experiences, exposure to violence scale, the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire, and Youth Self-Report Questionnaire.Results
Logistic regression analysis showed that delinquency in incarcerated adolescents was more likely related to having parents who did not live together (odds ratio [OR] 2.40; confidence interval [CI] 1.18-4.90, P = 0.015), being more exposed to violence at home/community (OR 3.84; CI 1.58-9.34, P = 0.003), and having poorer self-image (OR 1.09; CI = 1.03-1.16, P < 0.002).Conclusion
Preventive and therapeutic interventions in incarcerated delinquents should be specifically targeted toward single parenthood, family factors, trauma oriented interventions, and focused on multiple dimensions of self-concept of adolescents.Delinquency is associated with many risk factors, including demographic, genetic, and family characteristics (single parenthood) or academic performance. Many studies have focused on exposure to various forms of violence – in the family or home; community and neighborhood; in school and peer groups; and the media, but other risk factors have also found to be important, such as poorer self-image, various forms of psychopathology, and social characteristics (neighborhoods characterized by poverty) (1-15). Most of the studies dealing with delinquency aim to develop therapeutic interventions in relation to the obtained factors or mediators (9,11,16).There are relatively few studies on incarcerated adolescents. Many report on delinquents’ traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder, and importance of developmental tasks of adolescence and parental monitoring (14,17,18). Therapeutic interventions are specifically directed toward assessment and intervention of trauma and psychopathology, and family interventions are used very often.There are not many studies on delinquents in Croatia and most of them deal with a model that takes into account the interplay between protective and risk factors (19-21). Factors that are often mentioned are parental distrust and punishment, and family dysfunctionality (22-24). The prevalence of delinquency in the last few years has not been reducing (25), which suggests that the current preventive and therapeutic efforts have not been sufficient (25). Another important factor that has to be considered when studying delinquency in Croatia is the influence of Croatian War for Independence 1991-1995. The relationship between war experiences (direct or indirect) and the development of delinquency in adolescents has been relatively rarely described, with contradictory findings. Some studies found no association between the impact of war and bullying (26), whereas others found a relationship between aggressiveness in child refugees and their past war experiences (27) or experiences of their parents, war veterans (28). Besides war-related violence, we expected that delinquency was related to the exposure to other types of violence, eg, violence at home (29). Finally, we also expected an association with poorer self-image (8) and the presence of significant psychopathological syndromes (7).Our aim was therefore to examine the relationship between demographic, family factors, academic performance, exposure to violence in different contexts (home, community, school, media, war related stress), psychopathology, and delinquency. 相似文献32.
Jonathan Hammond Katja Gravenhorst Emma Funnell Susan Beatty Derek Hibbert Jonathan Lamb Heather Burroughs Marija Kovand?i? Mark Gabbay Christopher Dowrick Linda Gask Waquas Waheed Carolyn A Chew-Graham 《The British journal of general practice》2013,63(608):e177-e184
Background
General practice receptionists fulfil an essential role in UK primary care, shaping patient access to health professionals. They are often portrayed as powerful ‘gatekeepers’. Existing literature and management initiatives advocate more training to improve their performance and, consequently, the patient experience.Aim
To explore the complexity of the role of general practice receptionists by considering the wider practice context in which they work.Design and setting
Ethnographic observation in seven urban general practices in the north-west of England.Method
Seven researchers conducted 200 hours of ethnographic observation, predominantly in the reception areas of each practice. Forty-five receptionists were involved in the study and were asked about their work as they carried out their activities. Observational notes were taken. Analysis involved ascribing codes to incidents considered relevant to the role and organising these into related clusters.Results
Receptionists were faced with the difficult task of prioritising patients, despite having little time, information, and training. They felt responsible for protecting those patients who were most vulnerable, however this was sometimes made difficult by protocols set by the GPs and by patients trying to ‘play’ the system.Conclusion
Framing the receptionist–patient encounter as one between the ‘powerful’ and the ‘vulnerable’ gets in the way of fully understanding the complex tasks receptionists perform and the contradictions that are inherent in their role. Calls for more training, without reflective attention to practice dynamics, risk failing to address systemic problems, portraying them instead as individual failings. 相似文献33.
Miriam Schmidts Valeska Frank Tobias Eisenberger Saeed al Turki Albane A. Bizet Dinu Antony Suzanne Rix Christian Decker Nadine Bachmann Martin Bald Tobias Vinke Burkhard Toenshoff Natalia Di Donato Theresa Neuhann Jane L. Hartley Eamonn R. Maher Radovan Bogdanovi Amira Peco‐Anti Christoph Mache Matthew E. Hurles Ivana Joksi Marija Gu‐eki Jelena Dobricic Mirjana Brankovic‐Magic Hanno J. Bolz Gregory J. Pazour Philip L. Beales Peter J. Scambler Sophie Saunier Hannah M. Mitchison Carsten Bergmann 《Human mutation》2013,34(5):714-724
Ciliopathies are genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by variable expressivity and overlaps between different disease entities. This is exemplified by the short rib‐polydactyly syndromes, Jeune, Sensenbrenner, and Mainzer‐Saldino chondrodysplasia syndromes. These three syndromes are frequently caused by mutations in intraflagellar transport (IFT) genes affecting the primary cilia, which play a crucial role in skeletal and chondral development. Here, we identified mutations in IFT140, an IFT complex A gene, in five Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD) and two Mainzer‐Saldino syndrome (MSS) families, by screening a cohort of 66 JATD/MSS patients using whole exome sequencing and targeted resequencing of a customized ciliopathy gene panel. We also found an enrichment of rare IFT140 alleles in JATD compared with nonciliopathy diseases, implying putative modifier effects for certain alleles. IFT140 patients presented with mild chest narrowing, but all had end‐stage renal failure under 13 years of age and retinal dystrophy when examined for ocular dysfunction. This is consistent with the severe cystic phenotype of Ift140 conditional knockout mice, and the higher level of Ift140 expression in kidney and retina compared with the skeleton at E15.5 in the mouse. IFT140 is therefore a major cause of cono‐renal syndromes (JATD and MSS). The present study strengthens the rationale for IFT140 screening in skeletal ciliopathy spectrum patients that have kidney disease and/or retinal dystrophy. 相似文献
34.
35.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome caused by heterozygous deletions of chromosome 8q24: Comments on the article by Pereza et al. [2012] 下载免费PDF全文
36.
Petar M. Seferovi Ewa Jankowska Andrew J.S. Coats Aldo P. Maggioni Yuri Lopatin Ivan Milinkovi Marija Polovina Mitja Lain
ak Adam Timmis Radu Huculeci Panos Vardas 《European journal of heart failure》2020,22(4):638-645
Heart failure (HF) constitutes the growing cardiovascular burden and the major public health issue, but comprehensive statistics on HF epidemiology and related management in Europe are missing. The Heart Failure Association (HFA) Atlas has been initiated in 2016 in order to close this gap, representing the continuity directly rooted in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas of Cardiology. The major aim of the HFA Atlas is to establish a contemporary dataset on HF epidemiology, resources and reimbursement policies for HF management, organization of the National Heart Failure Societies (NHFS) and their major activities, including education and HF awareness. These data are gathered in collaboration with the network of NHFS of the ESC member and ESC affiliated countries. The dataset will be continuously improved and advanced based on the experience and enhanced understanding of data collection in the forthcoming years. This will enable revealing trends, disparities and gaps in knowledge on epidemiology and management of HF. Such data are highly needed by the clinicians of different specialties (aside from cardiologists and cardiac surgeons), researchers, healthcare policy makers, as well as HF patients and their caregivers. It will also allow to map the snapshot of realities in HF care, as well as to provide insights for evidence‐based health care policy in contemporary management of HF. Such data will support the ESC/HFA efforts to improve HF management ant outcomes through stronger recommendations and calls for action. This will likely influence the allocation of funds for the prevention, treatment, education and research in HF. 相似文献
37.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to present the anatomical data about intrahepatic venous anastomoses found in normal human livers. The focus is on the middle hepatic vein (MHV) anastomoses, because their existence or non-existence could be of crucial importance in tumour resections as well as in split or living donor liver transplantations.Materials and methods
The frequency of livers with intrahepatic venous anastomoses was determined on 164 corrosion casts and the diameter of each anastomosis was measured. Additionally, the type of connection and the position within the liver (liver segment) was determined for each MHV anastomosis.Results
Intrahepatic venous anastomoses were found in 46 % (75/164), whereas MHV anastomoses were found in 28 % (44/164) of liver casts. Most commonly (39/44), MHV had anastomotic connections with the right hepatic vein (RHV), and also with the inferior RHV, the left hepatic vein and the short subhepatic vein. In more than three quarters of liver casts, MHV–RHV anastomoses were found in liver segment 8; in 45 % of cases, there was more than one anastomosis in this liver segment. The diameter of MHV–RHV anastomoses found in segment 8 was ≥1 mm in 90.6 % of cases.Conclusion
As MHV anastomoses were present in more than a quarter of all examined liver casts, we believe that detailed anatomical data presented in this article, together with up to date radiologic technics which enable even 3D reconstruction of venous anastomoses in the liver, could contribute to the clinician’s decisions when planning surgical procedures. 相似文献38.
Vujić Dragana Petrović Sandra Lazić Emilija Kuzmanović Miloš Leskovac Andreja Joksić Ivana Mićić Dragan Jovanović Ankica Zečević Željko Guć-Šćekić Marija Ćirković Sanja Joksić Gordana 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2014,81(3):260-265
Objective
To investigate genetic subtypes of inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) in Sebia. FA-D2 subtype was found to be the most frequent genetic subtype among investigated FA patients; specific observations of FA-D2 phenotype are pointed out.Methods
Several biological endpoints of FA cells in vitro such as radiation-induced level of lymphocyte micronuclei (radiosensitivity), base line and radiation induced level of the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), leukocyte apoptosis, and telomere capping function were assessed.Results
The results indicate that all FA-D2 patients display radioresistant in vitro response, which is seen as significantly reduced yield of radiation-induced micronuclei. On the contrary, FA-A patients display radiosensitive in vitro response seen as increased number of radiation-induced micronuclei (MN). A massive elimination of irradiated cells via apoptosis is found in both FA-A and FA-D2 subtypes. In FA-A subtype apoptosis positively relates with the yield of radiation-induced MN, whereas in FA-D2 subtype apoptosis relates with a high percentage of cells carrying dysfunctional telomeres. The present results unequivocally demonstrate that cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and analyses of telomere capping function can be used to distinguish FA-D2 and FA-A complementation groups.Conclusions
Considering all biological endpoints were analyzed, it can be concluded that all FA patients are radiosensitive, regardless of their complementation group. Thus, using CBMN test and telomere capping function analysis can discriminate FA-A from FA-D2 complementation groups, which could be important for assessment the conditioning regimens prior to bone marrow transplantation. 相似文献39.
Sanja Stojsavljevi? Marija Gomer?i? Pal?i? Lucija Virovi? Juki? Lea Smir?i? Duvnjak Marko Duvnjak 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2014,20(48):18070-18091
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat accumulates in the liver of a patient with no history of alcohol abuse or other causes for secondary hepatic steatosis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been fully elucidated. The “two-hit“ hypothesis is probably a too simplified model to elaborate complex pathogenetic events occurring in patients with NASH. It should be better regarded as a multiple step process, with accumulation of liver fat being the first step, followed by the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Adipose tissue, which has emerged as an endocrine organ with a key role in energy homeostasis, is responsive to both central and peripheral metabolic signals and is itself capable of secreting a number of proteins. These adipocyte-specific or enriched proteins, termed adipokines, have been shown to have a variety of local, peripheral, and central effects. In the current review, we explore the role of adipocytokines and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We particularly focus on adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin, with a brief mention of resistin, visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 among adipokines, and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and briefly IL-18 among proinflammatory cytokines. We update their role in NAFLD, as elucidated in experimental models and clinical practice. 相似文献
40.
Dorde Culafi Milos tuli Radmila Obrenovi Danijela Mileti Dragana Mija Milica Stojkovi Marija Jovanovi Milica Culafi 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2014,20(21):6573-6579
AIM:To evaluate the clinical significance of cystatin C and renal resistive index for the determination of renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS:We conducted a study of 63 patients with liver cirrhosis.A control group comprised of 30 age and gender-matched healthy persons.Serum cystatin C was determined in all study subjects and renal Doppler ultrasonography was made.Estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine(GFRCr)and cystatin C(GFRCys)was calculated.RESULTS:We confirmed significant differences in val-ues of cystatin C between patients with different stages of liver cirrhosis according to Child-Pugh(P=0.01),and a significant correlation with model of end stage liver disease(MELD)score(rs=0.527,P<0.001).More patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate were identified based on GFRCys than on GFRCr(P<0.001).Significantly higher renal resistive index was noted in Child-Pugh C than in A(P<0.001)and B stage(P=0.001).Also,a significant correlation between renal resistive index and MELD score was observed(rs=0.607,P<0.001).Renal resistive index correlated significantly with cystatin C(rs=0.283,P=0.028)and showed a negative correlation with GFRCys(rs=-0.31,P=0.016).CONCLUSION:Cystatin C may be a more reliable marker for assessment of liver insufficiency.Additionally,cystatin C and renal resistive index represent sensitive indicators of renal dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis. 相似文献