Correspondence Between NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes as Proposed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification

The accurate identification of the nursing diagnoses and the corresponding measurement of their indicators will depend on the elements in the standardized language systems.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the correspondence between elements of four NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses and outcomes suggested by the nursing outcomes classification (NOC) for the resolution of these diagnoses.

METHOD

A methodological study consisting of cross‐mapping was performed in the first stage between definitions, defining characteristics (DCs), and related factors (RFs) of impaired oral mucous membrane, impaired tissue integrity, spiritual distress, and delayed surgical recovery and outcome definitions and indicators to measure results of diagnoses resolution and an analysis of its relevance by experts in the second stage.

RESULTS

It found partial correspondence between outcome indicators, DCs, RFs, and definitions.

CONCLUSION

The data evidence the relevance of this review for a reliable application of these taxonomies and demonstrated partial correspondence between concepts analyzed. A identificação precisa dos diagnósticos de enfermagem e a medida correspondente dos seus indicadores dependerá dos elementos nos sistemas de linguagem padronizados.

OBJETIVO

Foi analisar a correspondência entre os elementos de quatro NANDA‐I diagnósticos de enfermagem e os resultados sugeridos pelo NOC para a resolução destes diagnósticos.

MÉTODO

um estudo metodológico que consiste em cross‐mapping foi realizado em uma primeira fase entre as definições, características definidoras e fatores relacionados de Mucosa oral prejudicada, Integridade tissular prejudicada, Sofrimento espiritual e Recuperação cirúrgica retardada e as definições dos resultados indicados para a resolução destes diagnósticos; na segunda fase, foi realizada uma análise desta concordância por especialistas.

RESULTADOS

correspondência parcial entre as definições dos diagnósticos e dos resultados, características definidoras e fatores relacionados.

CONCLUSÃO

Os resultados evidenciam a relevância dessa avaliação para uma aplicação confiável destas taxonomias e demonstrou a correspondência parcial entre os conceitos analisados.     

Effects of hammock positioning in behavioral status,vital signs,and pain in preterms: a case series study

Background

The hammock positioning within the incubators simulates the intrauterine environment, however, there is little evidence of its benefits and possible risks.

Barriers for the inclusion of sexuality in nursing care for women with gynecological and breast cancer: perspective of professionals

AIM:

qualitative study, which aimed to identify the barriers that influence nursing care practices related to the sexuality of women with gynecological and breast cancer.

METHODS:

the study was conducted with 16 professionals of the nursing area (nurses, nursing technicians and nursing assistants) from two sectors of a university hospital situated in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was collected using semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews. All the interviews were recorded and the participants'' responses were identified and categorized using Content Analysis.

RESULTS:

three major themes were identified. These are as follows: 1) barriers related to the biomedical model; 2) barriers related to institutional dynamics and 3) barriers related to the social interpretations of sexuality.

CONCLUSIONS:

the results of this study showed that the systematized inclusion of this issue in nursing care routines requires changes in the health paradigm and in the work dynamic, as well as reflection on the personal values and social interpretations related to the topic. A major challenge is to divest sexuality of the taboos and prejudices which accompany it, as well as to contribute to the nursing team being more aware of the difficulties faced by women with gynaecological and breast cancer.     

A mixed‐effect model for positive responses augmented by zeros

In this research article, we propose a class of models for positive and zero responses by means of a zero‐augmented mixed regression model. Under this class, we are particularly interested in studying positive responses whose distribution accommodates skewness. At the same time, responses can be zero, and therefore, we justify the use of a zero‐augmented mixture model. We model the mean of the positive response in a logarithmic scale and the mixture probability in a logit scale, both as a function of fixed and random effects. Moreover, the random effects link the two random components through their joint distribution and incorporate within‐subject correlation because of the repeated measurements and between‐subject heterogeneity. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is tailored to obtain Bayesian posterior distributions of the unknown quantities of interest, and Bayesian case‐deletion influence diagnostics based on the q‐divergence measure is performed. We apply the proposed method to a dataset from a 24hour dietary recall study conducted in the city of São Paulo and present a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Frailty Syndrome in Association with Depressive Symptoms and Functional Disability among Hospitalized Elderly

ABSTRACT

We sought to examine the frailty association with depression and functional disability in hospitalized older adults. In particular, we compared non-frail, pre-frail, and frail elderly hospitalized individuals. We performed a cross-sectional study with 255 hospitalized Brazilian elderly patients. We used a structured instrument to assess socio-economic data, the Fried frailty phenotype and used morbidity scales (Geriatric Depression; Katz; Lawton and Brody). The adjusted analysis revealed that frail elderly exhibit increased odds ratios (OR) for depressive symptoms (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.12–6.62), disability related to basic activities (OR = 3.50, 95% CI: 1.26–9.60), and instrumental daily living (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.12–6.44). Frailty in hospitalized older adults is associated with depressive symptomatology and functional disability.     

Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation on Brain Activity During Appraisal of Fearful Expressions

Autonomic nervous system activity is an important component of human emotion. Mental processes influence bodily physiology, which in turn feeds back to influence thoughts and feelings. Afferent cardiovascular signals from arterial baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses are processed within the brain and contribute to this two-way communication with the body. These carotid baroreceptors can be stimulated non-invasively by externally applying focal negative pressure bilaterally to the neck. In an experiment combining functional neuroimaging (fMRI) with carotid stimulation in healthy participants, we tested the hypothesis that manipulating afferent cardiovascular signals alters the central processing of emotional information (fearful and neutral facial expressions). Carotid stimulation, compared with sham stimulation, broadly attenuated activity across cortical and brainstem regions. Modulation of emotional processing was apparent as a significant expression-by-stimulation interaction within left amygdala, where responses during appraisal of fearful faces were selectively reduced by carotid stimulation. Moreover, activity reductions within insula, amygdala, and hippocampus correlated with the degree of stimulation-evoked change in the explicit emotional ratings of fearful faces. Across participants, individual differences in autonomic state (heart rate variability, a proxy measure of autonomic balance toward parasympathetic activity) predicted the extent to which carotid stimulation influenced neural (amygdala) responses during appraisal and subjective rating of fearful faces. Together our results provide mechanistic insight into the visceral component of emotion by identifying the neural substrates mediating cardiovascular influences on the processing of fear signals, potentially implicating central baroreflex mechanisms for anxiolytic treatment targets.     

Beer Affects Oxidative Stress due to Ethanol in Rats

The relationship between chronic moderate beerconsumption and oxidative stress was studied in rats.Animals were fed three different isocaloric diets forsix weeks: a beercontaining diet (30% w/w), an ethanol-supplemented diet (1.1 g/100 g, thesame as in the beer diet) and an alcohol-free basaldiet. At the end of the feeding period, rats wereanalyzed for plasma and liver oxidative status. Somelivers were isolated and exposed toischemiareperfusion to assess the additional oxidativestress determined by reperfusion. No significantdifferences in plasma antioxidant status were foundamong the three dietary groups. Lipoproteins from the beer group,however, showed a greater propensity to resist lipidperoxidation. Ischemia caused a decrease in liver energyand antioxidant status in all groups. Nevertheless, ATP was lower in the livers of rats exposed tothe ethanol diet. During reperfusion, lipoperoxidationincreased significantly in all groups. However, liversobtained from ethanoltreated rats showed the higher formation of lipoperoxides. Inconclusion, a moderate consumption of beer in awell-balanced diet did not appear to cause oxidativestress in rats; moreover, probably through its minorcomponents, beer could attenuate the oxidative action ofethanol by itself.     

RESEARCH INTO PAIN PERCEPTION WITH ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA (AVF) CANNULATION

Patients with end‐stage renal failure (ESRF) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are repeatedly exposed to stress and pain from approximately 300 punctures per year to their arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Repeated AVF punctures lead to a considerable degree of pain, due to the calibre and length of the bevel of fistula needles. Pain is a sensitive, emotional and subjective experience. The objective of this study was to measure pain associated with AVF needling. The analogue visual scale (AVS) divided into 10 equal parts (0 indicating lack of pain, and 10 unbearable pain) was used. Patients⁷ perceptions were measured in three different HD sessions. Pain was considered mild during AVF needling. The buttonhole technique caused a mean degree of pain of 2.4 (±1.7), compared to 3.1 (±2.3) using the conventional ropeladder technique. Although without reaching a statistically significant difference, diminished pain was associated with the buttonhole technique.