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排序方式: 共有1063条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Mads Buhl Jakob Gjedsted Asger Granfeldt Pernille Ø. Larsen Michelle Chew Niels Møller Else Tønnesen 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》2009,105(5):319-326
Abstract: Intensive insulin therapy, aiming for strict normoglycaemia, is associated with increased survival in critically ill patients. Insulin therapy concomitantly reduces plasma‐free fatty acids. Recent studies indicate that free fatty acids mediate inflammation. In addition to plasma glucose and free fatty acid‐lowering effects, insulin also has anti‐inflammatory properties. This study was designed to study the pro‐inflammatory effects of two free fatty acid concentrations during acute endotoxaemia and controlled comparable levels of plasma glucose and insulin. Twenty pigs were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Pigs were randomized to two different, constant Intralipid® infusion rates, throughout observation. All pigs were administered continuous intravenous infusion of endotoxin and subjected to controlled levels of p‐glucose (4.5 mmol/l) and insulin by use of a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. Changes in circulating tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, leucocytes, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, albumin, blood gases, temperature, and, haemodynamic function were monitored. Immediately following killing, biopsies were taken from heart and kidney. Biopsies were analysed for protein content of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10. Sustained elevated and significantly different plasma levels of free fatty acids were demonstrated between groups (mean free fatty acid concentrations, 1.62 mM versus 0.58 mM, p < 0.0002). Endotoxaemia induced a steep increase in plasma TNF‐α, IL‐6 and leucocytes, however, without differences between the low‐ and high‐free fatty acid groups. Cytokine content in heart and kidney tissue was not modified by free fatty acids. Compared with the response obtained at lower free fatty acid levels, high free fatty acid levels did not exacerbate the inflammatory response to acute endotoxaemia. Our results do not support the role of free fatty acids as a significant pro‐inflammatory mediator. 相似文献
92.
Rasmus Foldbjerg Ping Olesen Mads Hougaard Duy Anh Dang Hans Jürgen Hoffmann Herman Autrup 《Toxicology letters》2009,190(2):156-162
The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in vitro. Silver ions (Ag+) have been used in medical treatments for decades whereas Ag NPs have been used in a variety of consumer products within recent years. This study was undertaken to compare the effect of well characterized, PVP-coated Ag NPs (69 nm ± 3 nm) and Ag+ in a human monocytic cell line (THP-1). Characterization of the Ag NPs was conducted in both stock suspension and cell media with or without serum and antibiotics. By using the flowcytometric annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, both Ag NPs and Ag+ were shown to induce apoptosis and necrosis in THP-1 cells depending on dose and exposure time. Furthermore, the presence of apoptosis could be confirmed by the TUNEL method. A number of studies have implicated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytotoxicity mediated by NPs. We used the fluorogenic probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein to assess the levels of intracellular ROS during exposure to Ag NPs and Ag+. A drastic increase in ROS levels could be detected after 6–24 h suggesting that oxidative stress is an important mediator of cytotoxicity caused by Ag NPs and Ag+. 相似文献
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Birth weight and risk of cancer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: It is well established that prenatal biologic processes are important for the development of some childhood cancers, whereas less is known regarding their influence on adult cancer risk. High birth weight has been associated with risk of breast cancer, whereas studies of other specific cancers and all cancers together have been less conclusive. METHODS: The authors established a cohort of more than 200,000 men and women who were born between 1936 and 1975. Birth weights were obtained from school health records and information concerning cancer from the Danish Cancer Registry. Follow-up was performed between April 1, 1968 and December 31, 2003. During 6,975,553 person-years of follow-up, a total of 12,540 primary invasive cancers were diagnosed. RESULTS: Analyses of site-specific cancers revealed that the majority of cancers had a positive linear association with birth weight. Departures from a positive linear association were found to be statistically significant for cancers of the pancreas and bladder, which demonstrated a V-shaped association, and testicular cancer, which demonstrated an inverse association with birth weight. Excluding these 3 exceptions, the trends for the individual cancer sites were not heterogeneous, and the overall trend was a relative risk of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.11) per 1000-g increase in birth weight. This trend was the same in men and women and in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 7% increase in cancer risk was observed per 1000-g increase in birth weight. Few cancers demonstrated a nonlinear association with birth weight, and testicular cancer was found to be negatively associated with birth weight. The authors hypothesized that the biologic explanation behind the association between birth weight and cancer at different sites should be sought in a common pathway. 相似文献
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Demi Oddes Ayanda Ngwenya Illke B. Malungo Anita Burkevica Therese Hård Mads. F. Bertelsen Muhammad A. Spocter D. Michael Scantlebury Paul R. Manger 《The Journal of comparative neurology》2023,531(3):366-389
Employing orexin-A immunohistochemistry, we describe the distribution, morphology, and nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons within the hypothalami of an Asiatic lion (Panthera leo subsp. persica), an African lion (Panthera leo subsp. melanochaita), and a Southeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus subsp. jubatus). In all three felids, the clustering of large, bipolar, and multipolar hypothalamic orexinergic neurons primarily follows the pattern observed in other mammals. The orexinergic neurons were found, primarily, to form three distinct clusters—the main, zona incerta, and optic tract clusters. In addition, large orexinergic neurons were observed in the ventromedial supraoptic region of the hypothalamus, where they are not typically observed in other species. As has been observed in cetartiodactyls and the African elephant, a cluster of small, multipolar orexinergic neurons, the parvocellular cluster, was observed in the medial zone of the hypothalamus in all three felids, although this parvocellular cluster has not been reported in other carnivores. In both subspecies of lions, but not the cheetah, potential orexin-immunopositive neurons were observed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, the lateral part of the retrochiasmatic area, and the inner layer of the median eminence. The distribution and parcellation of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of the three felids studied appear to be more complex than observed in many other mammals and for the two subspecies of lion may be even more complex. These findings are discussed in terms of potential technical concerns, phylogenetic variations of this system, and potentially associated functional aspects of the orexinergic system. 相似文献
99.
Anja Sofie Petersen Mads Barloese Nunu Lund Adam Friis Pedersen Marie-Louise Kulas Søborg Mona Ameri Chalmer Ida Callesen Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold John-Anker Zwart DBDS Genomic Consortium Sisse Rye Ostrowski Ole Birger Pedersen Finn Sellebjerg Helle Bach Søndergaard Malene Bredahl Hansen Rigmor Højland Jensen Thomas Folkmann Hansen 《European journal of neurology》2023,30(5):1425-1434
Background and purpose
The response to cluster headache treatments has a high interindividual variation. To date, treatment response has only been assessed by a candidate gene approach and no investigations into metabolic pathways have been performed. Our aim was to investigate the association between the polygenetic risk of cluster headache and treatment response to first-line cluster headache treatments as well as known functional variants of CYP3A4 and the response to verapamil. Further, it was aimed to replicate previous single nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with treatment response in cluster headache and/or migraine.Methods
In, 508 cluster headache patients diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders were genotyped and participated in a semi-structured interview to evaluate treatment response. Polygenetic risk scores were calculated by the effect retrieved from a meta-analysis of the latest two genome-wide association studies on cluster headache.Results
Inferior treatment response to oxygen, triptans and verapamil is associated with chronicity of cluster headache were confirmed but no evidence was found that a response could be predicted by a high genetic risk of cluster headache. Likewise, verapamil response was not associated with functional variants of CYP3A4. No support of the genetic variants previously reported to be associated with treatment response to triptans or verapamil was found.Conclusion
The clinically relevant variation in treatment response for cluster headache was not influenced by genetic factors in the present study. 相似文献100.
Rasmus Søgaard Hansen Signe Hedengran Biørn Johan Baden Birk-Korch Søren Paludan Sheikh Mads Hvid Poulsen Pernille Just Vinholt 《BJU international》2023,131(5):530-539