全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6629篇 |
免费 | 488篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 20篇 |
儿科学 | 246篇 |
妇产科学 | 118篇 |
基础医学 | 1241篇 |
口腔科学 | 77篇 |
临床医学 | 750篇 |
内科学 | 1332篇 |
皮肤病学 | 223篇 |
神经病学 | 676篇 |
特种医学 | 125篇 |
外科学 | 733篇 |
综合类 | 37篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 352篇 |
眼科学 | 74篇 |
药学 | 403篇 |
中国医学 | 20篇 |
肿瘤学 | 710篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 69篇 |
2021年 | 96篇 |
2020年 | 95篇 |
2019年 | 119篇 |
2018年 | 150篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 139篇 |
2015年 | 164篇 |
2014年 | 183篇 |
2013年 | 285篇 |
2012年 | 460篇 |
2011年 | 501篇 |
2010年 | 275篇 |
2009年 | 289篇 |
2008年 | 455篇 |
2007年 | 536篇 |
2006年 | 467篇 |
2005年 | 500篇 |
2004年 | 464篇 |
2003年 | 430篇 |
2002年 | 401篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 65篇 |
1998年 | 80篇 |
1997年 | 80篇 |
1996年 | 69篇 |
1995年 | 63篇 |
1994年 | 56篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有7139条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Hinrich Staecker Stefan Dazert Brigitte Malgrange Philippe P. Lefebvre Allen F. Ryan Thomas R. Van de water 《International journal of developmental neuroscience》1997,15(4-5)
To determine if transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) pretreatment protects hair cells from aminoglycoside induced injury by modifying their intracellular calcium concentration, we assayed hair cell calcium levels in organ of Corti explants both before and after aminoglycoside (i.e. neomycin, 10−3M) exposure either with or without growth factor pretreatment. After TGFα (500ng/ml) treatment, the intracellular calcium level of hair cells showed a five-fold increase as compared to the levels observed in the hair cells of control cultures. After ototoxin exposure, calcium levels in hair cells of control explants showed an increase relative to their baseline levels, while in the presence of growth factors pretreatment, hair cells showed a relative reduction in calcium levels. Pretreatment of organ of Corti explants afforded significant protection of hair cell stereocilia bundle morphology from ototoxic damage when compared to explants exposed to ototoxin alone. This study correlates a rise in hair cell calcium levels with the otoprotection of hair cells by TGFα in organ of Corti explants. 相似文献
22.
Brigitte Schiller Chun He David J. Salant Alice Lim Jessy J. Alexander Richard J. Quigg 《The Journal of experimental medicine》1998,188(7):1353-1358
Crry (complement receptor 1–related protein/gene y) is a key cellular complement regulator in rodents. It is also present in Fx1A, the renal tubular preparation used to immunize rats to induce active Heymann nephritis (HN), a model of membranous nephropathy. We hypothesized that rats immunized with anti-Fx1A develop autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to Crry as well as to the megalin-containing HN antigenic complex, and that anti-Crry Abs promote the development of injury in HN by neutralizing the complement regulatory activity of Crry. Rats immunized with Fx1A lacking Crry remained free of proteinuria and glomerular deposits of C3 during a 10-wk follow-up despite typical granular immunoglobulin (Ig)G deposits in glomeruli. Anti-Fx1A auto-Abs were present in their sera at levels that were not different from sera pooled from proteinuric rats with HN induced with nephritogenic Fx1A. Passive administration of sheep anti-Crry Abs to rats immunized with Crry-deficient Fx1A led to proteinuria and glomerular C3 deposition, which were not seen in such rats injected with preimmune IgG, nor in rats with collagen-induced arthritis injected with anti-Crry IgG. To directly examine the role of Crry in HN, rats were immunized with Crry-deficient Fx1A reconstituted with rCrry. This led to typical HN, with 8 out of 15 rats developing proteinuria within 14 wk. Moreover, the extent of glomerular C3 deposition correlated with proteinuria, and anti-Crry Abs were present in glomerular eluates. Thus, Crry is a key nephritogenic immunogen in Fx1A. Formation of neutralizing auto-Abs to Crry impairs its function, leading to unrestricted complement activation by Abs reactive with the HN antigenic complex on the epithelial cell surface. 相似文献
23.
Brigitte Maurer-Schultze Ioannis D. Bassukas Michael Böswald Markus Harasim 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1992,118(4):255-268
Summary Cell proliferation of 51 human renal cell carcinomas and 9 larynx and hypopharynx carcinomas has been studied in vitro and using xenotransplants. The proliferative activity ([3H]thymidine labelling index) increases during the first passages in nude mice and then remains almost constant throughout subsequent passages. A comparison of cell kinetic parameters of 8 human renal cell carcinomas, 1 hypopharynx and 2 larynx carcinomas, with data of xenografts and of human tumours in situ published up to now, shows that the cell kinetic parameters of human tumour xenografts presently studied range between those of human tumours in situ and those of autochthonous or transplantable mouse tumours. S-phase durations and potential doubling times are considerably shorter in xenotransplants than in human tumours in situ, whereas the cycle time is about the same. This means that the growth fraction increases considerably after xenotransplantation. This change of human tumour cell proliferation after transplantation into nude mice should be kept in mind if one wishes to draw conclusions from the nude mouse model on conditions in human beings, particularly with respect to therapeutic regimens, which are frequently tested in the nude mouse model.Abbreviations used RCC
renal cell carcinoma
- HPC
larynx or hypopharynx carcinoma
- LI
labelling index
- PLM
percentage of labelled mitoses
-
t
s
S-phase duration
-
t
c
cycle time
-
t
pot
potential doubling time
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ma 876/2-1) 相似文献
24.
25.
26.
Florence Lacaille Herv Zylberberg Herv Hagge Brigitte Roualds Christian Meyrignac Michel Chousterman Robert Girot 《Liver international》1998,18(1):49-51
ABSTRACT— Hepatitis C is frequently associated with immune-mediated diseases, such as cryoglobulinemia. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute demyelinating neuropathy of probable immune pathogenesis. We describe two patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and associated chronic hepatitis C, the second one previously treated with interferon. The link between both conditions may be hepatitis C being the trigger of this immune polyneuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome should be added to the list of conditions associated with hepatitis C. 相似文献
27.
For the first time the composition of the bufadienolide complex in URGINEA HESPERIA Webb & Berth. has been investigated. From an extract of lyophilized plants, thirteen bufadienolides were isolated. By means of FAB-MS, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR studies the compounds were structurally elucidated as scillarenin, scilliphaeosidin, scillarenin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnoside, scilliphaeosidin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnoside, gamabufotalin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnoside, 11alpha-hydroxyscilliglaucosidin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnoside, scillarenin-3- O-alpha- L-2',3'-diacetylrhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucoside, scillarenin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucosido-3'-beta- D-glucoside, scillarenin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucosido-4'-beta- D-glucoside, scillarenin-3- O-alpha- L-2',3'-diacetylrhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucosido-3'-beta- D-glucoside, scillarenin-3- O-alpha- L-2',3'-diacetylrhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucosido-4'-beta- D-glucoside, scilliphaeosidin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucosido-3'-beta- D-glucoside, and scilliphaeosidin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnosido-4'-beta- D-glucosido-4'-beta- D-glucoside. 相似文献
28.
Brémond-Gignac D Crolla JA Copin H Guichet A Bonneau D Taine L Lacombe D Baumann C Benzacken B Verloes A 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2005,13(4):409-413
Aniridia, Wilms tumor, genitourinary abnormalities, growth and mental retardation are the cardinal features of the WAGR 11p13 deletion syndrome. The Potocki-Schaffer syndrome or proximal 11p deletion syndrome (previously DEFECT11 syndrome) is a contiguous gene syndrome associated with deletions in 11p11.2, principal features of which are multiple exostoses and enlarged parietal foramina. Mental handicap, facial dysmorphism and craniosynostosis may also be associated. We report a patient with combined WAGR and Potocki-Shaffer syndromes, and obesity. She presented with aniridia, cataract, nystagmus, corneal ulcers and bilateral congenital ptosis. A left nephroblastoma was detected at 15 months. Other features included moderate developmental delay, growth deficiency, facial dysmorphism, multiple exostoses and cranial lacunae. High-resolution and molecular cytogenetics confirmed a del(11)(p11.2p14.1) deletion with a proximal breakpoint between the cosmid DO8153 and the BAC RP11-104M24 to a distal breakpoint between cosmids CO8160 (D11S151) and F1238 (D11S1446). The deletion therefore includes EXT2, ALX4, WT1 and PAX6. This case appears to be the second patient reported with this combined deletion syndrome and confirms the association of obesity in the WAGR spectrum, a feature previously reported in four cases, and for which the acronym WAGRO has been suggested. Molecular and follow-up data on the original WAGRO case are briefly presented. 相似文献
29.
Chassaing N Siani V Carles D Delezoide AL Alberti EM Battin J Chateil JF Gilbert-Dussardier B Coupry I Arveiler B Saura R Lacombe D 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2005,(4):307-312
We describe a family with an X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia. Four males and six females were affected through four generations. Identification of skeletal abnormalities and hydrocephaly during the pregnancy of three male fetuses led to termination of the pregnancies. A fourth affected male died at 6 days of life. The four patients had chondrodysplasia, hydrocephaly, and facial features with microphthalmia. Radiographs showed severe platyspondyly and various bone abnormalities including a distinctive metaphyseal cupping of the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. The affected females were less affected and showed small stature, sometimes associated with body asymmetry and mild mental retardation. This condition appears to be a previously unrecognized X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia. 相似文献
30.
Efficiency of the ortho VITROS assay for detection of hepatitis C virus-specific antibodies increased by elimination of supplemental testing of samples with very low sample-to-cutoff ratios
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Oethinger M Mayo DR Falcone J Barua PK Griffith BP 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2005,43(5):2477-2480
The clinical significance of specimens with low sample-to-cutoff (S/Co) ratios in the Ortho VITROS chemiluminescence assay (CIA) for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) was evaluated. In one study of 482 CIA-reactive samples, none of the 83 samples with S/Co ratios of < 5 was HCV RNA positive. In a subsequent study, 332 samples with S/Co ratios of between 1 and 20 were tested with the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). None of the 163 samples with S/Co ratios of < 5 was RIBA positive, 83% were RIBA negative, and 28 samples (18%) were RIBA indeterminate. HCV RNA and/or clinical evidence of hepatitis was not found in the 27 indeterminate cases examined. These results show that over 99% of samples with very low S/Co ratios (< or = 5) have no evidence of HCV infection. Therefore, we suggest that the HCV antibody testing algorithm for the VITROS assay might be modified to eliminate supplemental testing of samples with very low S/Co ratios. 相似文献