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Marianne Baernholdt PhD MPH RN Guofen Yan PhD Ivora Hinton PhD Karen Rose PhD RN Meghan Mattos MSN CNL RN 《The Journal of rural health》2012,28(4):339-347
Purpose: The proportion of people over 65 years of age is higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and their numbers are expected to increase in the next decade. This study used Andersen's behavioral model to examine quality of life (QOL) in a nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling adults 65 years and older according to geographic location. Specifically, associations between 3 dimensions of QOL (health‐related QOL [HQOL], social functioning, and emotional well‐being) and needs and health behaviors were examined. Methods: The 2005‐2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination survey was linked with the 2007 Area Resources File via the National Center for Health Statistics’ remote access system. Frequencies and distribution patterns were assessed according to rural, adjacent, and urban locations. Findings: Older adults reported high levels of QOL; however, rural older adults had lower social functioning than their urban counterparts. Older blacks and Hispanics had lower scores than whites on 2 dimensions of QOL. Associations between QOL and needs and health behaviors varied. Although activities of daily living were associated with all 3 dimensions, others were associated with 1 or 2 dimensions. Conclusions: The lower scores on social functioning in rural areas suggest that rural older adults may be socially isolated. Older rural adults may need interventions to maintain physical and mental health, strengthen social relationships and support, and increase their participation in the community to promote QOL. In addition, older blacks and Hispanics seem more vulnerable than whites and may need more assistance. 相似文献
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The relationship between sex role identity and depression in nurses was explored. It was posited that nurses tend to be high in feminine traits and have traditional attitudes and that these traits and attitudes will be correlated with depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 203 nurses employed at a 350‐bed metropolitan hospital. The research questionnaire included: (a) the Maferr Inventory of Feminine Values, (b) the Bem Sex Role Inventory, (c) the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale, and (d) demographic data. It was found that a strong and positive association existed between traditional attitudes toward feminine sex roles and depressive symptoms. However, relationships between feminine traits and depressive symptoms were not found. Data analysis also indicated statistically significant relationships between both androgenous traits, masculine traits, and lack of depressive symptoms. Limitations in scope and sampling procedures were discussed. In addition, the significance to nursing was discussed. 相似文献
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