Deep phlebitis of the legs in young patients

32 cases of venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in young adults under 35, are evaluated. Women are essentially affected (62.5%). The clinical picture and complications do not vary, regardless of age. The left side is affected in 66 p. cent of the cases. Obstetrical causes are the most frequent, especially during the post-partum with Caesarean section as an aggravating circumstance. A protein C deficiency is found in 30 p. cent of the patients, and there is no deficiency in antithrombin III. Among other etiologies, orthopaedic surgery and neurological diseases are incriminated, most of the time.     

High birth weight, asthma and atopy at the age of 16 yr

The association between high birth weight and asthma has been suggested. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, a longitudinal cohort originally including 9479 participants, has been followed up since birth until the age of 16 yr. Using the data of this study, we analyzed the association of high birth weight with asthma and atopic sensitization at the age of 16 yr. The analysis included the 5995 subjects with complete skin prick test data and the 5500 subjects with data on doctor-diagnosed asthma (written questionnaire) at the age of 16 yr. Atopy was defined as at least one positive skin prick test reaction, which definition was also used to separate atopic and non-atopic asthma. There was a significant association between high birth weight (>4510 g) and asthma among the atopic subjects (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.33–4.32). When looking at atopy, the highest risk was observed among the subjects with highest birth weight category (>4510 g) (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05–1.97) and the adjacent (4200–4500 g) birth weight category (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.53), when compared with the reference category (2500–3340 g). Our results support the notion that high birth weight is associated with an increased risk of asthma and suggest that the association is mostly explained by an increased risk of atopy. The biological mechanisms behind the associations are unknown, but they could be related to obesity.     

Distal intracranial arterial aneurysms. Apropos of a case of giant aneurysm of the right angular gyrus artery

A 57 year old man presented with a giant, fusiform, partially thrombosed aneurysm, located distally to the right angular gyrus artery, and revealed by a subarachno?d hemorrhage. There was no history of head trauma, endocarditis or systemic infection, and physical examination was normal. The treatment consisted in simple trapping of the aneurysm, responsible for a transient ischemic parietal syndrome. After a short review of the pathogenesis of peripheral aneurysm of the C.N.S., and previously reported cases of distally located aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery, only one similar case was found concerning a posterior temporal artery aneurysm involving to a giant serpentine aneurysm. The case presented is believed to be a segmentary form of cerebral arterial dolicho ectasia; relations between arterial ectasia or fusiform aneurysms and serpentine aneurysms are discussed.     

Sequencing and structural homology modeling of the ecdysone receptor in two chrysopids used in biological control of pest insects

In insects, the process of molting and metamorphosis are mainly regulated by a steroidal hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and its analogs (ecdysteroids) that specifically bind to the ecdysone receptor ligand-binding domain (EcR-LBD). Currently, several synthetic non-steroidal ecdysone agonists, including tebufenozide, are commercially available as insecticides. Tebufenozide exerts its activity by binding to the 20E-binding site and thus activating EcR permanently. It appears that subtle differences in the architecture among LBDs may underpin the differential binding affinity of tebufenozide across taxonomic orders. In brief, first we demonstrated the harmlessness of tebufenozide towards Chrysoperla externa (Ce). Then, a molecular analysis of EcR-LBD of two neuropteran insects Chrysoperla carnea and Ce was presented. Finally, we constructed a chrysopid in silico homology model docked ponasterone A (PonA) and tebufenozide into the binding pocket and analyzed the amino acids indentified as critical for binding to PonA and tebufenozide. Due to a restrict extent in the cavity at the bottom of the ecdysone-binding pocket a steric clash occurred upon docking of tebufenozide. The absence of harm biological effect and the docking results suggest that tebufenozide is prevented of any deleterious effects on chrysopids.     

Cardiorespiratory fitness of finnish adolescents

We evaluated the accuracy of a submaximal cycle ergometer test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and provided population-based reference values. In a health study of the Northern Finland birth cohort born in 1985 - 1986 (NFBC 1986), cardiorespiratory fitness of 5375 males and females aged 15 to 16 years was measured by a submaximal cycle ergometer test by using a two-stage exercise protocol designed for this survey. A total of 4903 subjects performed two work stages. Maximal workload and peak oxygen consumption were calculated on the basis of heart rate responses by the WHO extrapolation method. An additional 472 subjects were able to finish only one work stage. For them, peak oxygen uptake was calculated by the Astrand nomogram. To evaluate the accuracy of submaximal testing, a validation sample of 90 subjects carried out both a submaximal test and a maximal cycle ergometer test with direct measurement of peak oxygen uptake. The WHO method proved to estimate peak oxygen uptake with reasonable accuracy. The Astrand nomogram method overestimated peak oxygen uptake considerably, and therefore a new single-stage regression method was applied to calculate maximal workload and peak oxygen consumption. Reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness were provided for 2690 males and 2685 females aged 15 to 16 years.     

Nanocomposites coated with xyloglucan for drug delivery: In vitro studies

Enalaprilate (Enal), an active pharmaceutical component, was intercalated into a layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) by an ion exchange reaction. The use of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) to release active drugs is limited by the low pH of the stomach (pH approximately 1.2), in whose condition it is readily dissolved. To overcome this limitation, xyloglucan (XG) extracted from Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá) seeds, Brazilian species, was used to protect the LDH and allow the drug to pass through the gastrointestinal tract. All the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, transmission electronic microscopy, thermal analyses, and a kinetic study of the in vitro release was monitored by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The resulting hybrid system containing HDL-Enal-XG(3) slowly released the Enal. In an 8-h of test, the system protected 40% (w/v) of the drug. The kinetic profile showed that the drug release was a co-effect behavior, involving dissolution of inorganic material and ion exchange between the intercalated anions in the lamella and those of phosphate in the buffer solution. The nanocomposite coated protection with XG was therefore efficient in obtaining a slow release of Enal.     

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and other evoked potentials in pediatric multiple sclerosis

In children, multiple sclerosis is rare and has some clinical and paraclinical differences compared with adults. The assessment of corticospinal motor tracts is expected to be relevant because of their frequent early involvement in this disease. Reported are the results of transcranial magnetic stimulation in two children who presented at 12 and 9 years of age with clinically probable and definite multiple sclerosis, respectively. In Patient 1 the excitatory cortical threshold for the upper limbs was abnormally raised. In Patient 2 the latency of the motor-evoked potentials was considerably increased for the right tibialis anterior muscle, with a slowing of the central conduction time. Although these abnormalities may be consistent with central conduction impairment, they may alternatively suggest early axonal damage because irreversible axonal lesions occurring at the onset of the disease have recently been reported. Testing of central motor tracts, in addition to visual, auditory, and somatosensory pathways, therefore appears appropriate in the multimodal assessment of pediatric patients with suspected multiple sclerosis.