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61.
Marshall Alison L. Bauman Adrian E. Owen Neville Booth Michael L. Crawford David Marcus Bess H. 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2003,25(3):194-202
Background: Intervention trials with self-selected participants have shown that mailed stage-targeted print materials can increase participation
in physical activity in the short term. We examined the effects of a mailed stage-targeted print intervention designed to
promote physical activity, in a random sample of adults living in a regional city.Method: Participants (n = 462, 40–60 years of age) were randomly allocated to an intervention in - 227) or control group (n - 235).
Measures included validated 2-week physical activity recall and stage of motivational readiness for physical activity. The
intervention consisted of a single mailing of a letter and full-color stage-targeted booklets (specific to precontemplation,
contemplation, preparation, and action/maintenance) 1 week postbaseline. Follow-up interviews were conducted at 2 and 6 months
postbaseline.Results: After 2 months, participants in the intervention group were significantly More likely to meet the current American College
of Sports Medicine/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation for sufficient physical activity than those in
the control group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] - 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–3.99). After 6 months, intervention
participants who reported receiving and reading the intervention materials were significantly more likely to be meeting the
sufficient physical activity criterion compared with the control group (adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% Cl = 1.16–3.56).Conclusions: The stage-targeted print intervention was effective in promoting short-term increases in physical activity and was most
effective for participants who recognized and used the materials. This low-cost, generalizable intervention has demonstrated
potential as a practical population-based physical activity promotion strategy. Further research is required before widespread
dissemination would be justified, as additional strategies may be required to ensure sustained change.
This project was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Research Project Grant. David Crawford was supported
by a Nutrition Research fellowship from the National Heart Foundation. 相似文献
62.
Second-generation endometrial ablation techniques provide an effective surgical treatment option for women with menorrhagia. Their ease of use might result in inappropriate surgical treatment without previous medical therapy. We sought to establish local compliance with national guidelines following the recent introduction of second generation ablation techniques into routine practice. We collected data at the time of ablation on the preceding medical management of women undergoing either microwave endometrial ablation or thermal balloon ablation. One hundred and thirty-two consecutive women underwent second-generation endometrial ablation. At least one medical treatment (range 1-5) was used before ablation in 86% of women. The majority (86%) of women undergoing a second-generation endometrial ablation technique received at least one effective medical therapy before surgical intervention, indicating a high level of compliance with published guidelines. 相似文献
63.
64.
65.
Cricopharyngeal Crohn's disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report a case of Crohn's disease of the cricopharyngeal oesophagus which presented with complete dysphagia and was successfully treated by balloon dilatation. We can find no previous reports of such a case. 相似文献
66.
Abstract Background: Many residents of aged-care accommodation are chronic users of benzodiazepines. This pattern of use contradicts current guidelines and may adversely affect residents. It was hypothesised that a lasting reduction in benzodiazepine use could be achieved through a programme which involved prescribers, residents and caregivers in the change process. Aim: To demonstrate that an intervention which involved education and relaxation training for patients, and education of prescribers and caregivers, could reduce levels of chronic benzodiazepine use among residents of an aged-care facility. Methods: Two aged-care facilities from metropolitan Adelaide were chosen; one received the intervention, the other was a no-intervention comparison. Pre-test, post-test and follow-up interviews were conducted with 60 residents: 27 from the intervention setting and 33 from the comparison setting. Residents at the intervention setting were provided with relaxation skills training, and their medical practitioners and caregivers were provided with information about alternative strategies for managing sleep disturbance. Outcome measures were: the proportion of residents using benzodiazepines, total medication use, cognitive performance, emotional responsiveness, subjective health and sleep ratings and an index of well-being. Results: The proportion of participants in the intervention condition who used benzodiazepines declined significantly (from 70% to 35%); the reduction was maintained over the subsequent three months. No adverse consequences were associated with cessation of benzodiazepine use; there was improvement in emotional responsiveness among those who ceased benzodiazepine use. This structured intervention strategy is a useful approach for reducing levels of chronic benzodiazepine use among residents of aged-care accommodation. 相似文献
67.
Staff members' acceptance of the introduction of workplace smoking bans in the Australian public service 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The acceptability to employees of workplace smoking bans is an important factor in their introduction and in subsequent compliance. This study describes the acceptance by affected staff members before the ban on smoking in Australian public-service premises. Four thousand, two hundred and fifteen (79% of those who were approached) public servants were surveyed from areas of six departments across three states. Twenty-five per cent of the sample were current smokers. Support for the bans was strong, with 76% of the sample approving over all. Approval among smokers was less, with 40% of smokers approving, compared with 82% of ex-smokers and 90% of "never" smokers. Thus, the results show a generally favourable attitudinal milieu among employees who were facing an impending ban on smoking, and far-from-unanimous opposition from smokers. Among smokers, acceptance of the bans was predictable from the attitudes towards smoking acceptance of the bans was predictable from the attitudes towards smoking in general, and from the perceived impact of the bans on smokers. The existence of restrictions on smoking at the time of the survey was associated with slightly higher levels of approval of the impending total ban, especially when the restrictions were not seen as being imposed on the respondents by others. 相似文献
68.
Patients' perceptions of their clinical interactions: development of the multidimensional desire for control scales 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anderson Lynda A.; DeVellis Robert F.; Boyles Barbara; Feussner John R. 《Health education research》1989,4(3):383-397
Interventions oriented toward enhancing patient-provider communicationwill benefit from having a satisfactory measure of patientsdesires for control in clinical interactions. Findings fromtwo studies are reported describing the development and validationof the Multidimensional Desire for Control (MDC) Scales. A totalof 160 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM)participated in the first study, which was designed to developand validate a measure of patients desires for control.Factor analysis yielded three subscales reflecting patientsdesires for: (i) personal, (ii) clinician, and (ii) shared controlin the interaction. Alphas for the three subscales were high( 0.750.86). Correlations with other measures of controlwere suggestive of good construct validity. The second investigationinvolves a replication study verifying the factorial compositionand validity of the scales. An independent sample of 109 patientswith NIDDM participated in this study. Findings support thereliability of the subscales (0.750.81). Furthermore,patients desires for control were significantly associatedwith patient satisfaction, with desire for personal controlnegatively related to patient satisfaction (r = 0.30,0.41, affective and behavioural dimensions, respectively)and desire for clinician control positively related to satisfaction(r = 0.44, 0.28, 0.31, affective, behavioral, and cognitivedimensions, respectively). 相似文献
69.
Developmental regulation of the 5-HT7 serotonin receptor and transcription factor NGFI-A in the fetal guinea-pig limbic system: influence of GCs 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
70.