Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity of the Ionic Liquid 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Ionic liquids (ILs) have a great reputation due to their negligible volatility, designability, good stability, and ability to be recycled. They are considered to be “green” solvents and have great promise in many fields. In recent years, the toxicities of ILs have garnered increasing attention as reported by a number of studies. However, previous studies have primarily focused on their lethal toxicities, and data were limited on their toxic effects at nonlethal doses. We performed a study on the toxic effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Omim]Br) on zebrafish. During a 28-day period, male and female zebrafish were separately exposed to sequential concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) of [Omim]Br. Fishes were sampled after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage in fish livers were measured. ROS, LPO, and DNA damage were all induced by the ionic liquid, and antioxidant enzyme activities increased at the beginning and then decreased. These phenomena demonstrate that [Omim]Br can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in zebrafish.     

钛膜支架植入联合鼻腔底黏骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔大穿孔(附11例报告)

目的：探讨应用医用超薄钛膜作支架植入联合鼻腔底带蒂黏膜瓣修补中等以上鼻中隔穿孔的效果。方法：自一侧鼻腔底部作一黏骨膜瓣以鼻中隔穿孔下缘为蒂经穿孔处翻向对侧,于黏骨膜下嵌入式植入一块约大于穿孔的超薄钛膜支架封闭穿孔,并缝合固定。结果：11例患者鼻中隔穿孔均1次修补成功,鼻中隔基本平直,鼻腔通气良好,随访6～12个月,无排异反应及鼻中隔穿孔。结论：钛膜极薄,具有良好的组织相容性,可作为支架植入修补较大的鼻中隔穿孔。     

A Genome Wide Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci on Pig Maternal Infanticide Behavior in a Large Scale White Duroc × Erhualian Resource Population

Maternal behavior around parturition is important to piglet survival. An extreme form of failure of maternal behavior, also called maternal infanticide, often occurs in some sows. This is defined as an active attack to piglets using the jaws, resulting in serious or fatal bite wounds within 24 h of birth. It leads to considerable economic losses to the pig industry and severe problems in pig welfare. In this study, maternal behaviors from 5 h before to 24 h after parturition were recorded in detail on 288 White Duroc × Erhualian intercross F₂ sows over their three continuous farrowings. In the F₂ population 12.8% gilts showed maternal infanticide in their first litter, while the incidences of maternal infanticide at their second and third farrowing reduced to 7.5% and 4.5%, respectively. All F₂ sows were genotyped for 194 microsatellite markers spanning the whole pig genome. A whole genome linkage analysis was performed using the non-parametric linkage test by SimWalk2 software. The results identified that seven chromosome regions on SSC2, SSC6, SSC14, SSC15 and SSCX were significantly linked with maternal infanticide (P < 0.05). The quantitative trait loci (QTL) on SSC2 and SSCX achieved P < 0.01 significance level. The most promising QTLs, however, were detected on X chromosome where three peaks of negative logarithm of P-value located at marker SW980, SW2456 and SW1608. QTLs on SSC2 and SSCX from this experiment were consistent with published results from the Western commercial lines. Edited by Stephen Maxson.     

The Study of Corneal Topography in Myopic and Hyperopic Children

Purpose: To compare the differences of corneal topographies in myopic and hyperopic children and study the effect of Atropin on their changes. Methods : The refractive components of 136 eyes with different refractive conditions were measured with A-Scan and their corneal topographies with and without cycloplegia were obtained respectively. Results: The mean corneal power of zones 3mm (MD3, P=0.031) and minor keratometer K2 (P=0.003) of myopia are greater than those of hyperopia without cycloplegia. MD3 (.P=0.009) and Keratometer K1 (P = 0.025) increased in hyperopic eyes, while MD3 (P=0.033), K1 (P= 0.035) and K2 (P= 0.002) decreased in myopic eyes significantly after cycloplegia. Similarly, the mean corneal power of zones 5mm (MD5) and 7mm (MD7) in myopic eyes decreased dramatically (P≤0.001). Conclusions: The corneal power was found to be greater in myopia than that in hyperopia. The effect of Atropin on corneal shape of myopia and hyperopia was in the opposite direction. Eye Science 2005;21:15-19.     

调节对儿童屈光构成因素的影响

目的：通过分析调节对儿童屈光构成因素的影响，探讨调节与屈光不正、特别是与近视眼的关系。方法：检测135例（270只眼）儿童睫状肌麻痹前后的前房深度（AD）、晶状体厚度（LT）、玻璃体腔径（VL）、眼轴长度（AL）的变化以及睫状肌麻痹后的屈光状态。对其中136只眼行睫状肌麻痹前后角膜地形图检查。结果：不论远视眼、正视眼还是近视眼在睫状肌麻痹后胶房加深（P＜0．01），晶状体变薄（P＜0．01），玻璃体腔径缩短（P＜0．01），但远视眼睫状肌麻痹后眼轴增长（P＜0．05），近视眼眼轴缩短（P＜0．01）；远视眼睫状肌麻痹后，以角膜中心点中心，直径为3mm的环平均角膜屈光度（MD3，P＝0．009）和角膜曲率K1（P＜0．05）增加；近视眼睫状肌麻痹后除MD3（P＝0．033）、K1（P＜0．05），K2以及以角膜中心点为中心，直径为5mm,7mm的环平均角膜屈光度（MD5、MD7）均降低（P≤0．01）；角膜垂直径线下方的平均角膜屈光度（LMD）大于上方的平均角膜屈光度（UMD）而水平径线颞侧的平均角膜屈光度（LaMD)大于鼻侧的平均角膜屈光度（MMD）（P＜0．01）。结论：调节对眼的几乎所有屈光构成因素有着显著的影响；它本身不仅是传统意义上的晶状体本身屈光度增加，同时还伴有晶状体的相对前移；角膜的非球面性即便是在同一垂直或水平径线上的屈光分布也是非对称的。     

New Insights into Dose- and Time-Dependent Response of Five Typical PPCPs on Soil Microbial Respiration

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - The widespread use of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) has attracted much attention and the impact of PPCPs on indigenous...     

Chronic Toxicological Effects of Carbamazepine on Daphnia magna Straus: Effects on Reproduction Traits,Body Length,and Intrinsic Growth

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - In recent years, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that remain in the environment have become increasingly important....     

DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by endosulfan exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-dioxathiepin-3-oxide), an organochlorine pesticide, is prevalently used all around the world. It is considered to be a new candidate for the persistent organic pollutants group. Endosulfan residues in the environment may cause serious damage to ecosystems, especially in aquatic environments. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of endosulfan on antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage in zebrafish. Male and female zebrafish were separated and exposed to a control solution and four concentrations of endosulfan (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg L^?1) and were sampled after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. It is noteworthy that the present research explored the correlation among the three indicators induced by endosulfan. Low endosulfan concentrations (0.01 μg L^?1) induced a slight increase of SOD and CAT activity, which kept ROS in a stable level. High endosulfan concentration (10 μg L^?1) induced excessive ROS production which exceeded the capacity of the cellular antioxidants and exhausted the enzyme including CAT and SOD. The DNA damage of zebrafish was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis and was enhanced with increasing endosulfan concentration. In conclusion, the present study showed that endosulfan (0.01–10 μg L^?1) has toxic effects on zebrafish.     

远外侧锁孔入路切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤临床研究

目的 采用显微锁孔入路切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤，重点探讨手术入路及手术技巧。方法 总结我院1999年6月至2006年6月采用显微锁孔入路切除8例枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤的经验。手术入路：远外侧经髁后入路5例，远外侧经髁入路3例。结果8例肿瘤全切除6例，次全切除2例，无一例死亡。结论 远外侧入路是切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤的最佳手术入路。经髁后和部分经髁锁孔入路足够暴露和切除枕骨大孔腹侧区肿瘤。