黄芩苷在呼吸道黏膜慢性炎症性疾病中的抗炎作用及机制研究进展

黄芩苷是源于中药黄芩根部的黄酮类化合物,是黄芩的主要活性成分,其药理作用广泛,具有良好的抗炎、抗癌、抗病毒和抗氧化等作用。以慢性鼻窦炎、过敏性鼻炎和哮喘为主的呼吸道黏膜慢性炎症性疾病是影响人类日常生活的严重慢性疾病之一,其发病机制复杂,目前对于此类疾病的治疗易产生不良反应且有一定的局限性。中药成分黄芩苷因其抗炎效果好,不良反应小而具有开发为治疗呼吸道黏膜慢性炎症性疾病的药物潜能。本文对黄芩苷在呼吸道黏膜慢性炎症性疾病中的抗炎作用及机制研究进展进行总结和归纳,为其在相关疾病的临床应用提供理论依据。     

Transient neonatal hemolytic anemia due to the novel gamma globin gene mutation HBG2:C.290T>C,p.Leu97Pro (hemoglobin Wareham)

Unstable gamma globin variants can cause transient neonatal hemolytic anemia. We have identified a novel variant in a newborn who presented with jaundice and anemia requiring phototherapy and red blood cell transfusion. The patient was found to be heterozygous for the mutation HGB2:c.290T>C, p.Leu97Pro, which we have termed hemoglobin (Hb) Wareham. This substitution is expected to generate an unstable hemoglobin with increased oxygen affinity based on the homologous mutation previously described in the beta globin gene, which is termed as Hb Debrousse. The patient fully recovered by 9 months of age as expected with the transition from fetal to adult hemoglobin.     

动脉粥样硬化性疾病的DNA甲基化改变

动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中、冠心病等心脑血管疾病的主要病因。既往研究发现DNA甲基化在动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生、进展中具有重要调节作用,并在病变的不同阶段表现出细胞特异性改变。本文综述了动脉粥样硬化斑块中内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞以及动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者外周血免疫细胞中DNA甲基化模式改变相关研究,总结了动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者的DNA甲基化改变,以期为新靶点的发现和疾病诊治提供新的思路。     

A Multi-Criteria Three-Way Decision Making Method in a Picture Fuzzy Probabilistic Decision System

Cognitive Computation - Three-way decision is a decision-making method based on human cognitive process, and its basic idea is to divide a universal set into three pair-wise disjoint regions to...     

Predictive value of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose

Genetic diagnosis is a promising approach because several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) progression have been reported. We review the predictive value of SNPs in curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

We reviewed DNA-based prognostic testing to predict curve progression. Then, the multiple polymorphisms in loci related to AIS progression were also reviewed, and we elucidated the predictive value of SNPs from four functional perspectives, including endocrine metabolism, neuromuscular system, cartilage and extracellular matrix, enzymes, and cytokines.

Results

The ScoliScores were less successful predictors than expected, and the weak power of predictive SNPs might account for its failure. Susceptibility loci in ESR1, ESR2, GPER, and IGF1, which related to endocrine metabolism, have been reported to predict AIS progression. Neuromuscular imbalance might be a potential mechanism of scoliosis, and SNPs in LBX1, NTF3, and SOCS3 have been reported to predict the curve progression of AIS. Susceptibility loci in SOX9, MATN1, AJAP1, MMP9, and TIMP2, which are related to cartilage and extracellular matrix, are also potentially related to AIS progression. Enzymes and cytokines play essential roles in regulating bone metabolism and embryonic development. SNPs in BNC2, SLC39A8, TGFB1, IL-6, IL-17RC, and CHD7 were suggested as predictive loci for AIS curve progression.

Conclusions

Many promising SNPs have been identified to predict the curve progression of AIS. However, conflicting results from replication studies and different ethnic groups hamper their reliability. Convincing SNPs from multiethnic populations and functional verification are needed.

     

眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂的临床疗效分析

目的探讨眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂的效果。方法回顾性分析北京大学深圳医院2018年1月至2020年1月收治的轻度上睑下垂患者的临床资料,均由同一术者应用眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法进行治疗,记录术后并发症;术后6个月评估双眼对称性,包括优、良好、差;术后12个月评价上睑下垂矫正效果,包括矫正良好、基本矫正、矫正欠佳、矫正过度。结果共纳入85例患者,男36例,女49例,年龄(25.0±4.1)岁,其中双侧62例,单侧23例。获随访12个月。术后所有患者无血肿、感染、暴露性角膜炎、穹隆结膜脱垂等并发症发生。85例中双眼对称性达优者63例,良好17例,差5例,优良率为94.1%(80/85)。上睑下垂矫正良好72例,基本矫正9例,矫正欠佳4例,手术有效率为95.3%(81/85)。结论应用眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂,操作简单、易掌握,损伤较小,安全而有效。     

Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancing vinpocetine's oral bioavailability.

An ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique was adopted to prepare vinpocetine loaded Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) nanodispersions with narrow size distribution. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to prepare nanoparticle using an ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique. The mean particle size and droplet size distribution, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential, and long-term physical stability of the SLNs were investigated in detail respectively. Drug release from two sorts of VIN-SLN was studied using a dialysis bag method. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) VIN in different formulations, it was found that the relative bioavailability of VIN in SLNs was significantly increased compared with that of the VIN solution. The amount of surfactant also had a marked effect on the oral absorption of VIN with SLN formulations. The absorption mechanism of the SLN formulations was also discussed. These results indicated that VIN absorption is enhanced significantly by employing SLN formulations. SLNs offer a new approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.     

腹腔镜外科手术治疗胰腺假性囊肿

目的：探讨腹腔镜治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床意义、适应证及方法。方法：2001年12月～2002年8月。2例病人接受了腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿手术，其中l例行腹腔镜胰腺假行囊肿切除术，另l例行腹腔镜囊肿胃吻合术。结果：2例手术均顺利完成，手术时间120-135min，出血50-60ml，术后24h胃肠功能恢复，无并发症发生，术后7d出院。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗胰腺假性囊肿是一种安全、可靠、微创的新技术，可根据囊肿与周围的粘连程度、基底宽窄及位于胰腺的部位不同而选择囊肿切除或内引流术。     

修复神经节段性缺损的人工神经桥接物微观空间结构特征

背景:神经组织再生的特殊性导致始终没有一种成熟和完整的系统来解决神经组织节段性损伤后的修复问题。利用组织工程的方法去实现这个目标具有极大的难度与挑战性。目的:研制一种可用于临床神经损伤修复的人工神经桥接物,并对其进行微观空间结构的研究。设计:开放性实验研究。单位:解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所。材料:实验于2001-11/2003-01在解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所完成。Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白、明胶购于美国Sigma-aldrich公司。方法:制备桥接材料:分别将Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原蛋白放入0.05 mol/L醋酸溶液中高速搅拌制成悬浊液,混合两种悬浊液保持4℃恒温搅拌,制成胶原蛋白和硫酸类肝素的悬浊液,抽真空静置后注入内径为3 mm的硅胶管中密封两端,分别以5种不同速度(10×10-5 m/s,5×10-5 m/s,2.5×10-5 m/s,1.0×10-5 m/s,1.0×10-6 m/s)进行冷淋、赋型。行大体观察。并将以不同速度制成的各组材料切成横截面、纵截面以及45°斜截面以备光学显微镜观察。同时在扫描电镜下进行内部微管结构的观察,并进行材料内部的微管直径的计算,实际孔径=(放大率×微管面积)÷(标尺长度×孔周长)。主要观察指标:①桥接材料的大体观察结果。②桥接材料的显微镜观察结果。③桥接材料的扫描电镜观察结果以及材料内部的微管直径。结果:①大体观察:制备出的材料均为规则的圆柱体,且外型均匀。柔韧性较好,质地均匀,弹性较强。②光学显微镜结果:材料外表面为全封闭结构,无孔裂;表面光滑平整,连续性好。③电镜观察结果:材料的外表面为叠瓦状,内部的微管结构均匀,走行一致,且基本相互平行;纵向走行的微管之间相互独立,且呈封闭状态,无互通的桥连管道相连接,与生物体神经的纤维束的走行特点完全相同。材料内部微管的横截面基本为圆型,形状较为规则,直径大小较为均匀。材料内部的微管连续性好,无中断或横隔,且微管的小梁壁连续性好,表面光滑,无褶皱。材料内部的微管直径为197.3～258.8μm。结论:利用生物相容性较好且可降解的胶原和明胶经混合溶解及冷淋后形成具有单一纵向微管的神经桥接物,具有与正常神经高度仿生的微结构,可用作基础研究与临床神经损伤修复的替代物。     

基于骨肌多体动力学前臂旋前旋后的有限元分析

目的探讨前臂旋前旋后运动的肌力变化以及肱骨应力、位移的生物力学特性。 方法根据Dicom数据在MIMICS中重建三维肱骨并在Hypermesh中划分网格和材料赋值。采用志愿者的身高、体重数据在AnyBody骨骼肌肉系统中建立个性化上肢的骨骼肌肉模型,模拟前臂旋前旋后运动,导出旋前旋后运动过程中的肌力等边界条件,将此数据作为肱骨有限元分析的边界条件。最后在Abauqus中行肱骨应力、位移大小的分析。 结果前臂0°～90°旋前运动时主要是旋前圆肌、旋前方肌发挥作用,旋前圆肌约90°时肌肉力最大,旋前方肌约40°时肌肉力最大。当前臂0°～90°旋后运动时主要是旋后肌、肱二头肌发挥作用,二者肌肉力在旋后约90°时最大。旋前运动约90°时肱骨受到的应力、位移最大,而旋后运动约10°时肱骨受到的应力、位移最大。应力大致在肱骨中下1/3处集中,而位移集中在肱骨的中部及远端,且以肱骨远端最为明显。 结论利用AnyBody骨骼肌肉系统成功模拟了前臂旋前旋后运动并与有限元分析联动,在肌力加载下分析肱骨应力、位移。肱骨中下段是骨折的好发部位。