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61.
Kirsten Mehlig Christopher Holmberg Leonie H. Bogl Eva Erhardt Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou Antje Hebestreit Jaakko Kaprio Fabio Lauria Nathalie Michels Iris Pigeot Lucia A. Reisch Toomas Veidebaum Lauren Lissner 《Obesity facts》2021,14(1):121
BackgroundDuring adolescence, health behaviors and weight status are increasingly influenced by friendship and peer networks. This paper examines resemblances in weight-related characteristics and how they differ by sociodemographic factors.MethodsOver 3,000 friendships were reported by 1,603 adolescents, aged 11–16 years, who participated in the school-based I. Family study in 6 European countries. Each “source child” named 1–10 friends for whom standardized weight-related traits were available in the same survey. The mean value of the friends'' traits weighted by time spent together was calculated, and related to the source child''s trait. Country, age and sex of the source child, parental education, and immigrant background were considered for confounding and moderation.ResultsSource children''s z-scores of body fat percent and BMI were positively associated with their friends'' characteristics, in particular if they had highly educated parents. Positive associations were also found regarding the frequency of fast-food consumption, impulsivity, screen time, preference for sugar-sweetened foods, and hours spent in sports clubs, in increasing order of effect size. Additionally, correlations were observed between friends'' cognitive and school functioning and being bullied. No associations were seen for a preference for high-fat foods, weight concerns, and health-related quality of life. Finally, parental education and immigrant background were associated between friends in all countries except Sweden, where no associations were observed.ConclusionAdolescent friends shared a number of weight-related characteristics. For weight measures per se, positive associations with friends'' characteristics were only observed in adolescents with high parental education. Associations regarding energy-balance behaviors and indicators of school-related well-being did not differ by parental education. Parental education and immigrant background correlated positively in friends in most countries showing that social aggregation is already occurring in adolescence. The wide spectrum of friendship associations in weight-related traits and behaviors suggests that health promotion initiatives in adolescents should be directed towards peer groups in both school-related and leisure-time environments.ISRCTN RegistryPan-European IDEFICS/I. Family children cohort (ID ISRCTN62310987; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN62310987). 相似文献
62.
Antonella Gambale Roberta Russo Immacolata Andolfo Lucia Quaglietta Gianluca De Rosa Valentina Contestabile Lucia De Martino Rita Genesio Piero Pignataro Sabrina Giglio Mario Capasso Rosanna Parasole Barbara Pasini Achille Iolascon 《Clinical genetics》2019,96(4):359-365
Cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) result from germline pathogenic variants, and they are increasingly recognized in the etiology of many pediatric cancers. Herein, we report the genetic/genomic analysis of 40 pediatric patients enrolled from 2016 to 2018. Our diagnostic workflow was successful in 50% of screened cases. Overall, the proportion of CPS in our case series is 10.9% (20/184) of enrolled patients. Interestingly, 12.5% of patients achieved a conclusive diagnosis through the analysis of chromosomal imbalance. Indeed, we observed germline microdeletions/duplications of regions encompassing cancer-related genes in 50% of patients undergoing array-CGH: EIF3H duplication in a patient with infantile desmoplastic astrocytoma and low-grade Glioma; SLFN11 deletion, SOX4 duplication, and PARK2 partial deletion in three neuroblastoma patients; a PTPRD partial deletion in a child diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme. Finally, we identified two cases due to DICER1 germline mutations. 相似文献
63.
Central precocious puberty and abnormal chromosomal patterns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Central precocious puberty (PP) can be caused by chromosomal aberrations. We report three patients presenting with central
PP in whom karyotype analysis demonstrated abnormal chromosomal patterns. The first patient was affected by the triple-X syndrome,
commonly characterized by premature ovarian failure. The second patient, a girl with inv dup(15)(pter→q12::q12→pter), had
a chromosomal aberration involving an imprinted region of the human genome, whose deletion is commonly associated with Prader-Willi
syndrome (PWS) and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The third patient was a boy carrying a rare chromosome abnormality, the
duplication of chromosome 9 (q22→qter). All patients had mental retardation, which was mild in patient 1, moderate in patient
2, and severe in case 3. They underwent treatment with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs, which were able
to stop the progression of the sexual development. We confirm that chromosomal aberrations are an important cause of central
PP, and that karyotype analysis in patients with PP and mental retardation, even if mild, is necessary because chromosomal
abnormalities can be present. 相似文献
64.
Simona Picchietti Francesca Renata Terribili Lucia Mastrolia Giuseppe Scapigliati L. Abelli 《Brain structure & function》1997,196(6):457-463
The monoclonal antibodies DLT15 and DLIg3, which recognize antigenic determinants expressed by T cells and Ig-bearing cells, respectively, allowed the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissue of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) to be studied. DLT15- immunoreactive cells were first detected in the epithelium of the stomach and intestine at day 30 post-hatching of fish maintained at 16° C. At that age, positive cells were found only in the thymus. Between day 44 and day 81 post-hatching, DLT15-immunoreactive cells became numerous, both in and under the gut epithelium. A gradient in the number of lymphocytes was present, concentrating them towards the anus. Until day 81 post-hatching, DLIg3-immunoreactive cells were not found in the gut, although they were present in the kidney, spleen and thymus earlier. Infrequent Ig-bearing cells were found in the gut mucosa of 1-year-old sea bass. This study showed that the gut-associated lymphoid tissue developed earlier than other lymphoid compartments. It also provided evidence of the predominance of T cells in the gut immune system of the sea bass. 相似文献
65.
For an effective radiotherapy the exact tumor location must be determined. The localization has to take into account patient's setup position as well as internal organ motion. Among the different localization methods, the use of a computer tomography (CT) scanner in the therapy room has been proposed recently. Achieving a CT with the patient on the therapy couch, a patient's treatment position is captured. We present a method to locate tumor considering internal organ motion and displacements due to respiration. We tested the method with prostate and lung patients. The method found the most probable tumor position as well as, for high-mobility tumors located in the lung, its trajectory during the respiratory cycle. The results of this novel method were validated by comparison with manually determined target position. 相似文献
66.
67.
Cytokeratin (CK) expression was investigated, by means of immunocytochemistry, in
the hamster thymic epithelium during ontogeny, as well as in primary cultures and
upon glucocorticoid hormone treatment in vivo. As compared to the distribution pattern
of distinct monoclonal antibody-defined cytokeratins in the normal adult thymus, CK
modulation was evidenced in the three situations studied. During thymus ontogeny,
both cytokeratins of simple lining epithelia, as CK8 and CK18, as well as the CK1/CK10
pair (typical marker of terminal stage of keratinization), were expressed since early
stages of thymus development. They were located in the central region of thymic lobules
preceding the cortical-medullary distinctions. This differed from what had been
previously shown for mouse thymus ontogeny, revealing that the interspecific diversity
in the distribution pattern of thymic cytokeratins occurred early in fetal life. A
modulation of CK expression was also detected when hamster thymic epithelial cells
(TEC) were led to grow in culture, with a down-regulation of CK19 contrasting with an
enhancement of CK18 expression. This diverged from the maintenance of the in situ
pattern when human TEC were cultured. Last, in vivo hydrocortisone treatment, known
to increase the numbers of KL1+ cells in the mouse thymus medulla, promoted a cortical
expression of the CK1/CK10 pair in the hamster thymus. Taken together, our findings
demonstrate a continuous plasticity of the thymic epithelium, at least regarding
cytokeratin expression, and enlarge the concept of interspecific diversity of intrathymic
CK distribution in conditions as morphogenesis, in vitro system, and responsiveness to
glucocorticoid hormone treatment. 相似文献
68.
Anti-HIV effects of chloroquine: inhibition of viral particle glycosylation and synergism with protease inhibitors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Savarino A Lucia MB Rastrelli E Rutella S Golotta C Morra E Tamburrini E Perno CF Boelaert JR Sperber K Cauda R 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2004,35(3):223-232
OBJECTIVE: We tested the effects of chloroquine (CQ) on glycosylation of HIV particles and in combination with protease inhibitors (PIs) on HIV replication and on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1). DESIGN: CD4 cell lines were infected with laboratory strains and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected with primary isolates for evaluation of the anti-HIV effects. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated for of P-gp and MRP1 functions. METHODS: HIV replication was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HIV glycosylation was measured by metabolic labeling of viral particles with [H] glucosamine. Synergism was tested using isobolograms. P-gp and MRP1 functions were assayed using rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and carboxyfluorescein (CF) efflux assays, respectively. RESULTS: CQ alone inhibited HIV replication and glycosylation in a dose-dependent manner. In combination with indinavir (IDV), ritonavir, or saquinavir (SQV), CQ had a synergistic effect at concentrations found in plasma of subjects receiving malaria prophylaxis. CQ decreased the 50% effective concentration of IDV in primary isolates from Africa and restored the response to IDV or SQV in 3 PI-resistant isolates. CQ increased the block of Rh123 and CF efflux activity exerted by PIs. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effects of CQ on HIV glycosylation are associated with synergistic effects in combination with PIs. The CQ/PI combination exerts combined inhibitory effects on P-gp and MRP1 function. 相似文献
69.
Synaptic transmission from cones is faster than transmission from rods. Using paired simultaneous recordings from photoreceptors and second-order neurones in the salamander retina, we studied the contributions of rod–cone differences in glutamate receptor properties and synaptic release rates to shaping postsynaptic responses. Depolarizing steps evoked sustained calcium currents in rods and cones that in turn produced transient excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in horizontal and OFF bipolar cells. Cone-driven EPSCs rose and decayed faster than rod-driven EPSCs, even when comparing inputs from a rod and cone onto the same postsynaptic neurone. Thus, rod–cone differences in EPSCs reflect properties of individual rod and cone synapses. Experiments with selective AMPA and KA agonists and antagonists showed that rods and cones both contact pharmacologically similar AMPA receptors. Spontaneous miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) exhibited unimodal distributions of amplitude and half-amplitude time width and there were no rod–cone differences in mEPSC properties. To examine how release kinetics shape the EPSC, we convolved mEPSC waveforms with empirically determined release rate functions for rods and cones. The predicted EPSC waveform closely matched the actual EPSC evoked by cones, supporting a quantal release model at the photoreceptor synapse. Convolution with the rod release function also produced a good match in rod-driven cells, although the actual EPSC was often somewhat slower than the predicted EPSC, a discrepancy partly explained by rod–rod coupling. Rod–cone differences in the rates of exocytosis are thus a major factor in producing faster cone-driven responses in second-order retinal neurones. 相似文献
70.
Prosperini G Spicuzza L Polosa R 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2003,111(6):1416; author reply 1416-1416; author reply 1417