非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血清唾液酸的改变

测定20例NIDDM伴有心脑血管病变的患者、20例单纯NIDDM患者的血清唾液酸（SA）水平，并与20例正常人进行比较。结果发现所有NIDDM患者的血清SA水平均显著增高（P＜0．01），其中伴有心脑血管疾病患者的血清SA水平显著高于单纯NIDDM患者（P＜0．05），同时血清SA水平与血清胰岛素及C肽水平、收好压之间存在相关。提示血清SA水平与NIDDM患者的心脑血管疾病关系密切，可能是心脑血管并发症发生的一个危险因素。     

关于高等医学教育管理体制与学制改革的思考

高等医学教育管理体制与学制改革是二十一世纪社会发展的需要。文章阐述了医学教育小规模、长学制、高投入的基本特征,强调了遵循医学教育规律的重要性,分析了医学院在综合性大学的重要地位,医学院与附属医院以及相关院系的关系。文章还依据社会发展的需要和医学教育国际化的趋势,分析了医学教育学制调整的必要性以及学制调整思路。     

Human interleukin 4 regulates the phenotype of lymphocytes generated during mixed lymphocyte culture and inhibits the IL-2-induced development of LAK function in normal and leukaemic cells

This study examined the immunoregulatory role of recombinant interleukin 4 (IL-4), also known as B-cell stimulating factor 1, on the generation of cytotoxic effector cells from normal and leukaemic human blood mononuclear cells. When tested on cells from normal individuals, the addition of IL-4 to mixed lymphocyte cultures led to a dose-dependent proliferation of T-helper cells (CD3, 4 positive) with a concomitant decrease in phenotypic and functional cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. IL-4 also inhibited the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity when added at the beginning of mixed lymphocyte culture. When tested on mature leukaemic NK cells, IL-4 also inhibited the ability of IL-2 to induce LAK function using a short-term culture system. These results show that IL-4 acts on both normal and leukaemic cells and suggests that it acts at more than one level during the development of LAK function.     

Stereoselectivity of actions of the calcium sensitizer [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264

The thiadiazinone derivative [+]-EMD 60263 ((+)-5-(1-(α-ethylimino-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4 -thiadiazine-2-on) is a Ca²⁺-sensitizing agent with only minor phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. Our aim was to characterize the inotropic and electrophysiological effects of [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264 in several cardiac muscle preparations. The Ca²⁺-sensitizing activity resided in the [+]-enantiomer only. [+]-EMD 60263 (3 μM) shifted the EC₅₀ of Ca²⁺ for contractile activation of skinned fibers of pig heart from 2.41 μM to 0.73 μM, whereas [-]-EMD 60264 (30 μM) was ineffective. In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 induced concentration-dependent positive and negative inotropic effects, respectively; both enantiomers reduced spontaneous heart rate but did not influence perfusion pressure. The maximum increase in force of human atrial trabeculae was 35 % of pre-drug control with [+]-EMD 60263 in comparison to 113 % with forskolin. In guinea-pig papillary muscles, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 had opposite inotropic responses, however, both agents similarly prolonged action potential duration. Both enantiomers concentration-dependently blocked the rapidly activating component I_Kr of the delayed rectifier in guinea-pig myocytes. The block saturated at potentials positive to +30 mV, closely resembling the effects of the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 which had been originally used to define I_Kr. It is concluded, that the positive inotropic action of [+]-EMD 60263 can be explained by prevalence of the Ca²⁺-sensitizing effect. The accompanying prolongation in action potential duration is caused by block of the I_Kr component of the delayed rectifier. While the inotropic effects are stereoselective, most of the electrophysiological actions are clearly independent of sterical configuration. The combination of Ca²⁺-sensitizing with class-III antiarrhythmic action may provide an interesting pharmacological profile of potential therapeutic use. Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 25 February 1997     

人睫状神经营养因子结构和功能的研究

制备高活性的重组人睫状神经营养因子，并研究其生物学功能。方法：应用大肠杆菌表达ｈＣＮＴＦ，用片段插入和法研究其结构与功能关系；切断大鼠骨神经，局部及皮下给予ＣＮＴＦ，应用辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪技术显示再生轴突通过修复部位的胞体。结果；ｈＣＮＴＦ分子中α－螺旋结构的维持对其生物活性十分重要Ｃ端松散地其生物活性贡献不大，Ｄ螺旋中后段可能与生物活性有密切关系；     

A Clinical Study of Reversing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients by Adalat

ＡＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＲｅｖｅｒｓｉｎｇＬｅｆｔＶｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒＨｙｐｅｒｔｒｏｐｈｙｉｎＨｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅＰａｔｉｅｎｔｓｂｙＡｄａｌａｔＺｈａｎｇＦｕｍｉｎ（张馥敏）ＸｕＤｉ（许迪）ＹｏｎｇＹｏｎｇｈｏｎｇ（雍永宏）Ｃｈｅｎ...     

溴氰菊酯对白纹伊蚊（Aedesalbopictus）C6／36细胞株的细胞遗传学效应

本研究选择１０μｇ／ｍｌ、２０μｇ／ｍｌ、４０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度的溴氰菊酯处理白纹伊蚊Ｃ６／３６细胞，以ＭＭＣ作为阳性对照物，观察溴氰菊酯处理２４ｈ后对Ｃ６／３６细胞染色体畸变率和姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）频率的影响。结果显示，三个浓度的溴氰菊酯对Ｃ６／３６细胞染色体畸变率均没有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）；溴氰菊酯浓度在４０μｇ／ｍｌ时可诱导Ｃ６／３６细胞ＳＣＥ频率轻度增高（Ｐ＞０．０５），而溴氰菊酯浓度在１０μｇ／ｍｌ、２０μｇ／ｍｌ时，对Ｃ６／３６细胞ＳＣＥ频率没有诱导作用。表明溴氰菊酯对Ｃ６／３６细胞的遗传学效应较弱     

雌二醇周效贴片166例疗效观察

本研究观察国产雌二醇周效贴片（Ｅ２贴片）治疗因卵巢功能低落所致的主要临床表现的疗效，结合血ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、Ｅ２测定，阴道脱落细胞成熟指数和部分病例的子宫内膜活检，对Ｅ２贴片的疗效进行了综合评价。结果显示，雌二醇周效贴片对卵巢功能低落所致的潮热、出汗、失眠、情绪波动，眩晕和阴道干涩等有显著疗效，且疗效随用药时间的延长而递增，在用药１４０天时总有效率分别达９８．９％，９２．０％、９１．４％、９０．０％和７８．０％，对ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ的释放有抑制作用；血清Ｅ２水平属轻度升高，但趋于平稳；部分病例子宫内膜组织学检查未见雌激素作用所致的内膜增殖效应。用药期间部分病例出现周期性阴道出血，这对年轻卵巢功能早哀者在生理和心理上均有治疗意义，但对更年期患者会造成不便和不安感。约２０％的病例贴片局部有轻微痒感，无其它不良反应。     

Investigation of Role of Nitric Oxide in Protection from Bordetella pertussis Respiratory Challenge

The mechanism whereby whole-cell pertussis vaccines (WCV) confer protection against Bordetella pertussis is still not fully understood. We have previously reported that macrophage activation produced by vaccination with WCV is associated with induction of NO synthesis by macrophages in response to in vitro stimulation with B. pertussis antigens. To determine whether NO production is an effector of protection or simply a marker of activation, the susceptibility of inducible nitric oxide synthase (type II, iNOS) knockout mice to infection with B. pertussis was examined. We showed that iNOS knockout mice were more susceptible to B. pertussis respiratory challenge than wild-type mice. iNOS-deficient mice also developed a less effective protective response than wild-type mice after the same immunization with WCV. This suggests that NO plays an important role in effecting protection against B. pertussis challenge.     

Spermidine synthase of Escherichia coli: localization of the speE gene.

We have obtained Escherichia coli mutants lacking spermidine synthase (putrescine aminopropyltransferase) and have found that the mutated gene (speE) is located immediately upstream from the gene coding for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (speD); these genes are located at 2.7 minutes on the E. coli chromosome. Both genes are present in a 1795-base-pair fragment of E. coli DNA that was cloned into pBR322. Deletion of 105 bases upstream of speE caused a coordinate loss of both activities, indicating that speE and speD constitute a single operon. speE and speD have also been cloned separately in a high-expression vector; strains carrying these plasmids overproduce the respective enzymes.