Experimental intrahepatic portacaval anastomosis: use of expandable Gianturco stents

Original Gianturco expandable stents and their modifications were used to create an experimental intrahepatic portacaval anastomosis (EIPCA) in 30 young domestic swine without portal hypertension. The study focused on the design of a suitable stent, the technique of its application, and the evaluation of short-term patency of the EIPCA. A stent with a 2.5-cm-long body and wire skirts on both ends was most suitable for EIPCA creation. Well-positioned stents shunted most of the portal blood in the inferior vena cava circulation and remained patent for 4-6 weeks. Ingrowth of liver parenchyma and abundant proliferation of the intima and connective tissue inside the stent lumen in these rapidly growing animals gradually decreased EIPCA patency, and thrombus formation with diminished blood flow closed them completely.     

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅰ.北方主产的七种麻黄

据文献记载和作者的调查,我国产麻黄属(Ephedra)植物共有13种3变种1变型。本文报道我国北方生产的7种麻黄生药形态组织学比较研究结果。7种麻黄是:草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf、木贼麻黄E.equisetina Bunge、中麻黄E.intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.、膜果麻黄E.przewalskii Stapf,单子麻黄E.monosperma Gmel.ex Mey.、雌雄麻黄E.fedtschenkoae Pauls和细子麻黄E.reaeliana Florin。文中附有生药性状与组织构造特征比较表及生药组织图     

Strangulation in child abuse: CT diagnosis

The central nervous system is commonly affected in child abuse. Between April 1985 and July 1986 three infants were identified in whom the primary mode of injury had been strangulation. In each case computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a large cerebral infarction confined to vascular territories associated with small subdural hematomas. There was no history or visible evidence of significant head trauma. Autopsy of one infant confirmed the presence of a hemispheric infarct, thin subdural hematoma, and an area of subintimal hemorrhage in the carotid artery ipsilateral to the infarct. The remaining two patients survived with residual hemiparesis. CT findings of a large cerebral infarction with an associated subdural hematoma in an infant without a history of a significant trauma should suggest the possibility of child abuse and may be the primary manifestation of abuse in some patients.     

Juvenile ossifying fibroma of the facial skull. Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography

The clinical and radiological features in a case of a juvenile ossifying fibroma of the skull were studied with CT and MRI. The combination of both imaging modalities allows a precise prediction of tumor components and extension.     

The change in patterns of relapse in medulloblastoma

The authors reviewed 89 patients treated for cerebellar medulloblastoma between 1970 and 1989 to determine the impact of changing treatment (high-dose posterior fossa radiation therapy and chemotherapy) on the pattern of failure in medulloblastoma. Between 1970 and 1983, 50 patients (median follow-up, 110 months) were treated with surgery and postoperative craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Nineteen of the 50 (38%) recurred in the central nervous system (CNS). Isolated systemic (bone) metastases occurred in six. The median time to the development of bone metastases was 12 months. Since 1984, 39 patients (median follow-up, 27 months) were treated with preradiation chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and vincristine for 9 weeks before initiation of CSI. Nine of the 39 (23%) patients recurred in the CNS. There were no systemic failures in this cohort. The actuarial 5-year disease-free survival was 55 +/- 7% for the earlier cohort and 72 +/- 8% for the later cohort (P equals 0.3). Posterior fossa recurrence was associated with radiation therapy to this area. The cumulative incidence of posterior fossa relapse was 50 +/- 13% in patients who received less than 5300 cGy and 18 +/- 7% in those who received 5300 cGy or more (P equals 0.005). All six bone relapses were in patients treated with CSI alone and 5300 cGy or more to the posterior fossa for a 5-year cumulative incidence of bone metastases of 18 +/- 7% compared with 0% for patients treated with 5300 cGy or more and chemotherapy (P equals 0.03). The authors concluded that high-dose radiation therapy has altered the pattern of relapse with an increase in systemic recurrence after radiation therapy alone that is now equivalent to the risk of recurrence in the posterior fossa. Chemotherapy may be indicated in an attempt to decrease this high risk of systemic metastases.     

国产沉香化学成分的研究——Ⅲ.异白木香醇的结构测定和低沸点成分的分离与鉴定

自国产沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)[瑞香科(Thymeleaceae)植物]的挥发油中,经硅胶柱层析和离心薄层层析分离得到一新的倍半萜,命名为异白木香醇(isobaimuxinol),根据光谱(IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,2 D-NMR和MS)分析确定其结构式为(Ⅰ)所示,并用X-光衍射晶体解析进一步确定了其立体化学。同时,也从该植物挥发油的低沸点部分分离得到四个已知化合物:苄基丙酮,对甲氧基苄基丙酮,茴香酸和β-沉香呋喃。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中得到。     

Antitumor effects of interleukin 2 liposomes and anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells against murine MCA-38 hepatic metastasis.

The stimulation of murine splenocytes with the monoclonal antibody anti-CD3 and interleukin 2 (IL-2) results in the propagation of large numbers of cells (T-activated killer; T-AK) which demonstrate high therapeutic efficacy when infused with IL-2 into mice bearing pulmonary metastases. Interleukin 2 infusions are required to maintain the function of the adoptively transferred cells. Recent data demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by encapsulating IL-2 in liposomes. The present work tested the combination of T-AK cells with IL-2 liposomes in an immunotherapy model utilizing the MCA-38 murine colon adenocarcinoma. Expansion of murine splenocytes was achieved with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody plus IL-2 and was consistently greater than 50-fold during a 9-day culture period. Cytolytic activity of the murine T-AK cells was mediated primarily by Lyt-2+ cells. In vivo results demonstrate synergistic therapeutic efficacy of the combination of IL-2 liposomes and T-AK cells. Evaluation of the in vivo distribution of these T-AK cells utilizing congenic mice demonstrates that Lyt-2+ cells from these in vitro cultures infiltrate hepatic metastases in vivo. The activation of lymphocytes with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and IL-2 appears to be a reproducible and convenient method of producing cells capable of producing antitumor effects in models of adoptive immunotherapy.     

Exercise performance of hemodialysis patients during short-term and prolonged exposure to altitude

The work capacity of patients on maintenance hemodialysis is impaired even at normal inspiratory oxygen pressure. A further restriction can be expected when these patients are exposed to hypoxia at altitude, since most of the usual compensatory mechanisms required to adjust to this environment are impaired or even missing. We tested the tolerance of hemodialysis patients to hypoxia and measured work capacity, hematological, and cardiovascular parameters at rest and during incremental bicycle ergometry during 3-hour exposure to altitudes of 2,000 m and 3,000 m, and during 2 weeks of exposure to an altitude of 2,000 m and compared these data with prealtitude values or with data evaluated in a control group, respectively. In control tests the patients reached work loads at exercise termination of about 66% of age and sex-matched healthy controls, the reduction correlated well with the degree of anemia. During short-term altitude exposure to 2,000 m peak work performance remained unchanged in comparison to prealtitude tests, whereas at 3,000 m it was reduced by about 12%. During the 2-week stay at 2,000 m peak work loads increased significantly by 17% accompanied by an increase in peak oxygen uptake (+15%), blood lactate, heart rates (+10 min-1), and systolic blood pressure (+20 mmHg), whereas the diastolic pressure was comparable to prealtitude values. In another group of hemodialysis patients studied at low altitude under similar experimental conditions none of these parameters was changed. Our data show that during acute exposure to altitudes up to 2,000 m maximal work of hemodialysis patients is not reduced, but is restricted at altitudes higher than that.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)