金嗓散结丸治疗声带白斑67例临床疗效观察

目的 探讨金嗓散结丸治疗声带白斑的临床疗效.方法 选择2001年3月～2009年10月我院耳鼻喉科门诊经动态喉镜检查证实为声带白斑的病人97例,病史1～6个月不等,治疗组67例,采用中成药金嗓散结丸治疗,9g·次-1,tid,疗程4～8 w;对照组30例,使用金果饮,20 mL·次-1,tid,疗程与治疗组相同,两组均予以地塞米松5 mg及庆大霉素8万U喉超声雾化吸入.结果 治疗组,有效56例,占83.58％,其中治愈39例,占58.21％;对照组,有效6例,占20.00％,其中治愈1例,占3.33％.结论 金嗓散结丸对早期声带白斑疗效确切、疗法安全简便、费用低廉,值得推广.     

Clomipramine concentration and withdrawal symptoms in 10 neonates

AIM

After in utero exposure to tricyclic antidepressants, neonatal withdrawal symptoms have been reported with an estimated incidence between 20 and 50%; however, few data are available for clomipramine. This could also be the case for neonatal pharmacokinetic clomipramine parameters and so this study was set up.

METHODS

Babies exposed to clomipramine in utero were included in an observational study, approved by the local ethics committee, after written informed consent. Withdrawal symptoms were scored at 12, 24 and 48 h after birth using the Finnegan score. Plasma concentrations were determined using an in-house-developed, validated liquid chromatography with mass detection (LC-MSMS) method at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h after birth.

RESULTS

We found that three of 11 pregnancies were complicated with pre-eclampsia. Ten neonates were observed for clomipramine withdrawal symptoms. The observed withdrawal symptoms were too short a period of sleep after feeding (6), poor feeding (3), mild to severe tremors (6), hyperactive Moro reflex (3) and respiratory rate >60 breaths min⁻¹. Serious withdrawal reactions, such as tachycardia and cyanosis, were seen. We calculated a half-life value of 42 ± 16 h for clomipramine in neonates. Only a weak correlation was found between withdrawal reactions and clomipramine plasma concentration or desmethylclomipramine plasma concentration.

CONCLUSIONS

In neonates, clomipramine is eliminated with a half-life value of 42 h, compared with 20 h in adults. In two of 10 neonates, tachycardia and cyanosis were seen as serious withdrawal symptoms after maternal use of clomipramine.     

Simvastatin protects against cholestasis-induced liver injury

Background:

Bile duct obstruction is associated with hepatic accumulation of leukocytes and liver injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on cholestasis-induced liver inflammation and tissue damage.

Experimental approach:

C57BL/6 mice were treated with simvastatin (0.02 and 0.2 mg·kg⁻¹) and vehicle before and after undergoing bile duct ligation (BDL) for 12 h. Leukocyte recruitment and microvascular perfusion in the liver were analysed using intravital fluorescence microscopy. CXC chemokines in the liver were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver damage was monitored by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hepatic levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also determined.

Key results:

Administration of 0.2 mg·kg⁻¹ simvastatin decreased ALT and AST by 87% and 83%, respectively, in BDL mice. This dose of simvastatin reduced hepatic formation of CXC chemokines by 37–82% and restored sinusoidal perfusion in cholestatic animals. Moreover, BDL-induced leukocyte adhesion in sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules, as well as MPO levels in the liver, was significantly reduced by simvastatin. Notably, administration of 0.2 mg·kg⁻¹ simvastatin 2 h after BDL induction also decreased cholestatic liver injury and inflammation.

Conclusions and implications:

These findings show that simvastatin protects against BDL-induced liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of simvastatin is mediated, at least in part, by reduced formation of CXC chemokines and leukocyte recruitment. Thus, our novel data suggest that the use of statins may be an effective strategy to protect against the hepatic injury associated with obstructive jaundice.     

福州市区60岁以上老年人痴呆的患病情况及社会心理危险因素分析

目的 了解福州市区老年期痴呆的患病率及其相关的社会、心理危险因素.方法 采用整群抽样、两阶段调查的方法 从福州市五个区中,每个区中抽取两个居委会,选择60岁以上的全体老人为调查对象,以简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)为筛查工具,以日常生活能力评定表(ADL)、流调用抑郁自评量表为评定工具,入户采访筛查MMSE异常者,按相关的痴呆诊断标准予确诊分类.结果 调查2373人,老年期痴呆14l例,患病率为5.94%,其中阿尔茨海默病占57.45%,血管性痴呆占24.82%,混合型占7.09%,其他类型占10.64%.老年期痴呆患者的日常生活能力受损程度和抑郁严重程度均高于非痴呆者.Logistic回归分析显示,自觉健康状况差(P=0.009,OR=1.490)、听力不好(P=0.000,OR=1.907)、心理情绪状态差(P=0.024,OR=1.495)、低教育水平(P=0.000,OR=0.611)、高龄(P=0.000,0R=1.428)、低收入(P=0.000,OR=0.706)是老年期痴呆的危险因子.结论 福州市区60岁以上老年人痴呆的患病类型以阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆为主;对女性、高龄、一般健康状况差、低视听能力、心理情绪状态差、与邻居关系不好、经常感到孤独、低收入、有痴呆家族史、婚姻状况不良、低教育水平的老年人应给予关注和干预.