海州香薷与石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析比较

采用石英毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用法,比较了海州香蕉(Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F.Maekawa)与石香蕉的栽培品江香薷(Mosla chinensis Maxim.)药材挥发油中的化学成分,初步鉴定了93个组分中的68个化合物。自海州香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香薷酮(elsholtzia ketone)(80.81%)、反式-石竹烯(trans-caryophyllene)(2.14%)、葎草烯(humulene)(1.45%)、芳樟醇(linalool)(0.72%)等为主的43个成分,占挥发油总量的%.61%。自石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香荆芥酚(carvacrol)(51.11%)、百里香酚(thymol)(22.00%)、对-聚伞花素(p-cymene)(5.58%)、γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)(2.57%)等为主的50个成分,占挥发油总量的93.91%。     

Patient characteristics as predictors of primary health care preferences: a systematic literature analysis

Abstract

Objective

To identify associations between various cultural and demographic factors and patients’ primary health care preferences. Search strategy Searches were performed in MEDLINE (1966–December 2000), PsycINFO (1977–May 2001) and Sociological Abstracts (1963–December 2000). Identified papers were checked for more papers. Inclusion criteria Studies with a focus on primary health care or health care in general, asking patients about preferences with regard to health care, reporting quantitative results and examining the relations between specific patient characteristics and patient preferences. Data extraction and synthesis Data were extracted from studies using a scoring form to register what methods were used, which patient characteristics were analysed and which patient characteristics significantly influenced patients’ preferences with regard to different aspects of health care (P < 0.05). Main results A total of 145 studies were included with 2276 comparisons between subgroups of patients. Of all the comparisons, 607 (27%) showed a significant association between patient characteristics and preferences with regard to primary health care. Age and economic status significantly related to patient preferences in 38 and 33% of the comparisons, respectively. Education, health status, family situation, sex, and utilization of health care related significantly to patient preferences in less than 25% of the comparisons. Conclusions This review of the literature showed patient characteristics to be an important determinant of preferences regarding many aspects of primary health care defined as general practice care or health care, in general. All of the patient characteristics examined here showed at least some significant associations with preferences for primary health care.     

Impaired cellular immune response in rats exposed perinatally to Baltic Sea herring oil or 2,3,7,8-TCDD

While the immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been well established, the effects of complex environmental mixtures of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) are poorly understood. Many PHAHs, including the polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), -dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), possess `dioxin-like' activities, and accumulate in the aquatic food chain. Organisms occupying high trophic levels may therefore be exposed to concentrations which may present an immunotoxic risk. In this study, pregnant PVG rats were administered a daily oral dose of 1 ml of the following during pregnancy and lactation: (1) oil extracted from herring caught in the relatively uncontaminated Atlantic Ocean; (2) oil extracted from herring caught in the contaminated Baltic Sea; or (3) the Atlantic herring oil extract spiked with 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The daily intakes of aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-receptor dependent toxic equivalents (TEQ) for mothers were 0.3 in the Atlantic group, 2.1 in the Baltic group, and 134 ng/kg body wt. in the 2,3,7,8-TCDD positive control group. Immune function and host resistance to rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) were assessed in offspring aged 11, 25, 46 or 59 days. Rat pups in the positive control TCDD-spiked group exhibited immunosuppression characterized by reduced thymus weight and cellularity, reduced thymocyte and splenocyte proliferative responses to T-dependent mitogens in vitro, reduced virus-associated natural killer (NK) cell and specific antibody responses. While less pronounced, a similar pattern of effects was observed in the rat pups exposed only to the Baltic Sea herring oil. These immunotoxic effects were transient in both exposure groups, with a time-related recovery in immune function possibly due to the half-life of TCDD in rats and the waning exposure levels in the rapidly growing pups. We previously demonstrated that the same Baltic Sea herring led to impaired natural killer cell and T-lymphocyte function in harbour seals during the course of a long-term captive feeding study. The collective results of these studies in rats and seals indicate the immunotoxic potential of environmental mixtures at current levels in the aquatic environment, and suggest that the developing immune system of young mammals may be at particular risk. Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 15 April 1997     

甾体不对称合成的研究——ⅩⅥ.dl-3-氧杂-A-失碳甾体化合物的合成

在探索新的更有效的避孕药研究中,我们设计了两个新化合物,A-失碳-△~(3(5),9(10))-二烯甾体1a和1b作为合成研究的目标分子。前文已报道1a的中间体,消旋和( )-2,18-二甲基-A-失碳-3-氧杂-1,5(10),9(11)-雌甾三烯-17-酮的合成。本文报道1b的中间体dl-2-甲基-A-失碳-3-氧杂-1,5(10),9(11)-雌甾三烯-17-酮(8)的合成(图式1)。     

海州香薷与石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析比较

采用石英毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用法,比较了海州香蕉(Elsholtzia splendensNakai ex F.Maekawa)与石香蕉的栽培品江香薷(Mosla chinensis Maxim.)药材挥发油中的化学成分,初步鉴定了93个组分中的68个化合物。自海州香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香薷酮(elsholtzia ketone)(80.81％)、反式-石竹烯(trans-caryophyllene)(2.14％)、葎草烯(humulene)(1.45％)、芳樟醇(linalool)(0.72％)等为主的43个成分,占挥发油总量的％.61％。自石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香荆芥酚(carvacrol)(51.11％)、百里香酚(thymol)(22.00％)、对-聚伞花素(p-cymene)(5.58％)、γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)(2.57％)等为主的50个成分,占挥发油总量的93.91％。     

Cushing syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease: findings at CT and MR imaging

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome in infants, children, and young adults. It is characterized by non-adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent hypersecretion of cortisol by multiple, pigmented nodules of hyperplastic adrenocortical cells. With a single exception, adrenal glands have been described as normal with computed tomography (CT) in all previous series. Eight patients had Cushing syndrome due to surgically proved PPNAD. Four of the eight patients had stigmas of Carney complex (lentigines, calcified Sertoli cell tumors of the testes, and cardiac and soft-tissue myxomas). CT and/or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated unilateral or bilateral nodularity in five of six patients examined. Macronodules (greater than 10 mm) were seen in the two oldest patients. As the clinical presentation of Cushing syndrome in this group of patients may be atypical (severe osteoporosis or short stature), the detection of multiple, small adrenocortical nodules with CT or MR imaging supports, or may even suggest, the diagnosis of PPNAD.