宁夏智障儿童社会支持现状调查分析

目的:探讨宁夏地区智障儿童社会支持现状和相关影响因素.方法:随机抽取宁夏银川市60多名特殊儿童为研究对象,采用韦氏儿童智力量表、社会支持评定量表、儿童适应行为评定量表进行测试.结果:特殊儿童社会支持偏低,均分仅29.60分,不同家庭类型的主观支持和社会利用存在显著差异,大家庭的主观支持高于核心家庭的主观支持,核心家庭高于单亲家庭,而社会支持利用刚好相反,核心家庭的社会利用度高于大家庭(P＜0.05);父母文化程度为高中的家庭主观支持最高(P＜0.05),而社会支持利用度中本科学历利用度最高(P＜0.05);经济状况一般的家庭获得社会支持高于家庭贫困者;大家庭中智障儿童的社会适应高于核心家庭,也高于单亲家庭(P＜0.05),父母文化程度为中专的孩子社会自制力强(P＜0.05);家庭经济相对贫困的家庭的智障儿童社会适应高于家庭经济相对一般的家庭(P＜0.05).结论:特殊儿童的家庭类型、家庭经济环境、家长文化程度对智障儿童的社会适应以及社会支持具有重要的影响.     

Antimicrobial second skin using copper nanomesh

The functional support and advancement of our body while preserving inherent naturalness is one of the ultimate goals of bioengineering. Skin protection against infectious pathogens is an application that requires common and long-term wear without discomfort or distortion of the skin functions. However, no antimicrobial method has been introduced to prevent cross-infection while preserving intrinsic skin conditions. Here, we propose an antimicrobial skin protection platform copper nanomesh, which prevents cross-infectionmorphology, temperature change rate, and skin humidity. Copper nanomesh exhibited an inactivation rate of 99.99% for Escherichia coli bacteria and influenza virus A within 1 and 10 min, respectively. The thin and porous nanomesh allows for conformal coating on the fingertips, without significant interference with the rate of skin temperature change and humidity. Efficient cross-infection prevention and thermal transfer of copper nanomesh were demonstrated using direct on-hand experiments.

The functional support and advancement of our body while preserving the inherent naturalness is one of the ultimate goals of bioengineering (1–4). A functional layer is placed on the skin to complement the intrinsic biological and interactive functions (5, 6) and to add functions that do not yet exist (7–9). During use, the second skin layer should completely exploit its function and underlay skin functions without deforming the skin or interfering with the skin’s external interaction. Materials and structures need to be conformal and mechanically similar to the skin to minimize the distortion of natural sensations and movements. In addition, the air and heat transfer on the skin must be unimpeded to obtain a natural and comfortable wear fit (10).Body protection that requires common and long-term wear is an application in which both functionality and naturalness are important. As the outermost layer connecting our body to the environment, the skin is exposed to physical damage, hazardous chemicals, and infectious pathogens (11, 12). Therefore, we add a protective layer on the skin that blocks or filters out external contaminants. This entails the isolation and accumulation of biochemical compounds, which can lead to self-contamination and the subsequent cross-contamination/infection by interacting with other objects. In contrast to chemical contamination, which is not self-reproductive, the biological contamination of infectious microbes, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a considerable issue to be addressed.By containing an antimicrobial material on the surface of the skin protective layer, cross-infection can be prevented in the long term. Unlike temporary rinsing or disinfection, the use of antibacterial or antiviral substances such as chemical or natural disinfectants and metal nanomaterials inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the surface (13–17). These materials are embedded in a complete covering polymer layer, such as gloves (18, 19), to isolate and protect both the inner and outer surfaces from the infection. To add breathability to the textile especially for the mask (13, 20, 21), many antibacterial fibers have been developed based on these materials. Moreover, various skin-attachable platforms with antimicrobial properties have been developed for convenient usage in daily lives. Antimicrobial nanofibers with conformal attachment to the skin have been developed for drug delivery, wound healing (22, 23), and electrophysiology (24, 25). In addition, stretchable and antibacterial hydrogels have been developed to allow more natural skin movement in wound-healing applications (26–28).However, there has been no practical skin protective solution to prevent cross-infection while preserving intrinsic skin conditions such as surface morphology, thermal transfer, and skin humidity. The thickening of the additional skin layer frequently results in a significant modification of the surface morphology, heat transfer, and the corresponding sensation. Thin layers have limited performance in terms of antimicrobial duration and speed. The skin coverage of polymer or hydrogel film blocks the transfer of air, moisture, and heat. In addition, the antimicrobial performance is focused on the skin side rather than the external side that affects cross-infection. Voids owing to the stiffness of the film or fiber and morphological differences compared to the skin further limit conformality, heat transfer, and water/air permeability (29).Here, we propose an antimicrobial skin protection platform copper nanomesh, which prevents cross-infection while minimizing modification of intrinsic skin properties such as interfacial morphology, temperature change rate, and skin humidity. The thin thickness and porous structure of the nanomesh allow conformal attachment to the fingertips, regardless of the mechanical and structural variations of the fingerprints, nails, and interfaces. To impart antimicrobial properties, copper, one of the most well-known antimicrobial (nano)materials (30–33), was coated with maintaining the nanomesh structure (copper nanomesh, from here onward). The measured inactivation rates of copper nanomesh against Escherichia coli bacteria and influenza virus A (H1N1) were 99.99% within 1 min and 10 min, respectively. It was found that the nanomesh structure contributed to the acceleration of bacterial inactivation compared to the copper film. Furthermore, it exhibited high biocompatibility with the skin cells and stable antibacterial performance even after long-term use (more than 6 h), including water immersion (more than 1 h).In addition, we investigated the naturalness of the copper nanomesh compared to that of the copper film and conventional gloves. As confirmed using the artificial skin and fingerprint recognition, the proposed copper nanomesh exhibited a higher conformability compared to that of the copper film. The copper nanomesh showed a high hydrophobicity to block external contaminants in solution while having high gas permeability and maintaining the skin humidity in a safe range. Additionally, the insertion of copper nanomesh did not affect the temperature change rate, which is important to maintain the sensation and comfort fit of the skin. Finally, the copper nanomesh was compared to the glove by wearing on our hands and interacting with various real-life objects. Using the proposed copper nanomesh, we successfully achieved an effective prevention of cross-infection and less-hindered thermal recognition of objects.     

不同产地青风藤中青藤碱的含量比较

目的比较不同产地青风藤的青藤碱含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定青风藤饮片中青藤碱含量。色谱柱为Lichrospher C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水-乙二胺（40∶60∶0.2）,检测波长为262 nm,流速1.0 mL/min。结果青藤碱进样量在1～10μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 8）,平均回收率为99.56%,RSD为0.81%（n=6）;江苏（三批）、湖南、湖北产青风藤药材的青藤碱含量分别为0.83%,1.11%,1.02%,1.90%,0.58%。结论不同产地青风藤药材的青藤碱含量差异显著。     

高糖环境对胰岛β细胞系转录组表达谱的影响

目的 研究高浓度葡萄糖刺激因素对1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes,T1D)模型小鼠来源的胰岛p细胞系全转录组表达谱的影响,探讨高糖环境因素参与T1D发病的可能机制.方法 将处于对数生长期的非肥胖糖尿病(non-obese diabetic,NOD)小鼠来源的胰岛β细胞系NIT-1细胞分为对照组(NIT1)和高...     

“瘦肉精”的快速检测与GC-MS比对分析

目的：为及时查明一起食物中毒的原因，防止事态的进一步扩大。方法：采用ELISA快速检测方法和GC—MS方法，分别对可疑的牛肉食品进行实验室检测结果分析比对。结果：7份牛肉样品中用ELISA快速方法检测得有6份为疑似阳性，用GC—MS方法检测得有5份阳性。结论：确认是因食用含“瘦肉精”（盐酸克伦特罗）的牛肉所引起食物中毒。     

SEVEN CASES OF EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CARCINOMA WITH BRAIN METASTASIS

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Metbods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 7 cases of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma from January 1986 to March 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital for summarizing therapy results and prognosisaffecting factors. Results Incidence of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma was about 0. 66% （7/1 055 ）. Serous adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological type in 4 cases and the subsequent was adenocarcinoma in 3 cases. All the patients were diagnosed at late stage, 6 cases with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （HGO） stage Ⅲc and 1 with FIGO stage IV. The mean duration from diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma to brain metastasis was 32.7 ± 20. 0 months （range, 23-73 months）. Single metastasis focus occurred in 43% of cases and multiple metastases in 57% of cases. Fifty-seven percent of patients presented extracranial metastasis. Serum CA125 played a role in monitoring reoccur- rence and brain metastases. The average survival time was about 12 months. Better treatment with prolonged survival could be achieved by combination of operation and chemotherapy or combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Concltusions As a rare condition, brain metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rising in incidence with improved treatment of ovarian carcinoma and prolonged survival. However, brain metastasis indicates bad prognosis which can be improved by combined therapy.     

关注和解释疗法对化疗期胃肠道肿瘤患者疲乏及睡眠质量的影响

目的:探讨关注和解释疗法对化疗期胃肠道肿瘤患者疲乏及睡眠质量的效果。方法:2018年12月至2019年12月选择宁夏某两所三级甲等医院住院的胃肠道肿瘤患者84例为研究对象。按随机数字表法分对照组和观察组各42例,两组患者均进行常规治疗,观察组在此基础上,接受10周的关注和解释疗法。干预前、干预10周时及干预完成后3个月...