Obesity in youth and middle age and risk of colorectal cancer in men

To investigate an association between colon cancer and obesity during early adulthood—a potentially important period in the etiology of this disease—the authors assembled, by computer linkage, a population-based historical cohort of 52,539 men born between 1913 and 1927 residing in Hawaii (USA), for whom weight and height had been recorded in 1942–43 and 1972. Linkage of this cohort to the Hawaii Tumor Registry resulted in the identification of 737 incident cases of colorectal cancer for 1972–86. An average of 3.8 cancer-free controls were matched to each case on month and year of birth and ethnicity of the parents. A case-control analysis in each anatomic subsite of the large bowel revealed that both early and middle-age body mass increased the risk of sigmoid cancer in men in a dose-dependent fashion. The odds ratios (OR) for sigmoid cancer for the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of Quetelet index were: 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.4–3.2) and 1.7 (CI=1.1–2.5), at ages 15–29 and in prediagnostic years, respectively. These associations were additive and idependent of socioeconomic status. Men who were above the median Quetelet index in 1942 and 1972 had an OR of 2.7 (CI=1.8–4.0), compared with those who were below the median in both periods. This study provides further evidence for an association of obesity with colon cancer in men and suggests that this association is limited to the sigmoid colon and may be related to both early and late events of colon carcinogenesis.The authors are with the Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii. Address correspondence to Dr Le Marchand, Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. This work was supported in part by Public Health Service grant 5-R29-CA44503 and contract NO1-CN-55424 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services.     

智力低下者皮纹特征研究

通过对８３例智力低下者（男５８人，女２５人，ＩＱ２５～８９）的１７项指纹指标和７项掌纹指标特征的观察分析，并与７５２例中等智力者（男３７０人，女３８２人，ＩＱ９０～１０９）的指纹和掌纹进行比较。结果表明，两组间有１０项指标存在显著差异或高度差异，其中Ｗｃ、Ｗｂ、ｗＡｃ、Ｌ、Ｓｄ和Ｔｈ／１的真实花纹等６项指标与智力呈负相关；Ｗｓ、ｗｄｌ、Ｌｕ、ＰＴＣ等４项指标与智力呈正相关。同时，作者提出了Ｗｃ、Ｗｂ、ＷＡｃ、Ｓｄ和ＰＴＣ的正常值，其可作为判定智力低下的重要生物学指标，为筛查弱智儿童提供了一种简便易行的方法。作者还为皮纹学的研究方向提出了新的建议。同时，作者还发现了一种新的皮纹型，暂命名为Ｗｂ。     

精氨酸加压素（AVP）的衍生物AVP4—8不能作用于AVPV1a受体而诱发电流反应

在微量注射大量肝脏ｍＲＮＡ之后，通过电压箝方法进行功能鉴定，两栖类卵母细胞成功地表达了ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体。但在灌流ＡＶ４－８溶液时，却不能诱导卵母细胞产生内向振荡电流反应。提示ＡＶＰ４－８不能通过ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体而介导生理学效应。     

Study on lymphocyte activation and proliferation induced by anti-CD3 McAb

Summary T cell activation and proliferation via CD₃-TCR complex were investigated by lymphocyte DNA synthesis in vitro. Several interfering factors were also discussed. The result indicated that lymphocyte activation and proliferation are calciumdependent. A rise of cytoplasmic free Ca²⁺ quickly following activation with CD₃ McAb is mainly due to intracellular mobilization of Ca²⁺, while lymphocyte proliferation needs both intracellular mobilization of Ca²⁺ as well as influx of extracellular Ca²⁺. It was confirmed that CTX sensitive G protein plays a role in regulating T cell proliferation by pretreatment with CTX suppressing lymphocyte³H-TdR incorporation obviously. PLC and PKC inhibitor neomycin and P. S. S could also decrease T cell proliferation.     

Clinical analysis of congenital bile duct dilatation: Experience with 160 patients over a 7-year period

From July 1989, to June 1996, 160 patients with congenital bile duct dilatation (CBD) were treated at our institution. The incidence of CBD at our institution has increased annually. In approximately 90% of patients with CBD there was associated anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, and we concluded that this was one of the main causes of CBD. Pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was first introduced to China in 1989, and has been successfully performed in 90.2% of 92 patients at our institution. We found that age at diagnosis was closely related to the subtype, complications, and mortality of CBD. The subtype also correlated with the presenting symptoms. One hundred and forty-seven of the 160 patients underwent surgery. Of these 147 patients, 136 (92.5%) were cured with normal liver function and 9 (6.1%) improved with liver impairment. Two patients died, one of postoperative pneumonia and one of liver failure. We conclude that early radical surgery and careful postoperative follow-up are essential in the prevention of CBD complications such as cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary stones, and development of carcinoma. This article is based on a special lecture delivered before the 19th meeting of the Japanese Society of Pancreatico-biliary Maljunction, on September 14, 1996, in Tokyo     

正常人及胃癌患者胃蛋白酶原C基因多态性研究

以ＰＧＣ３０１为探讨，对１０例胃癌组织及１１例正常人体组织基因组ＤＮＡ中胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因的ＥｃｏＲ Ｉ限制性片段长度多态性作了观察分析。发现在正常人体有三种常见等位片段，分别为２０ｋｂ、５．７ｋｂ及３．６ｋｂ；一种稀有片段，３．５ｋｂ。在胃癌患者，未发现与正常人体不同的等位片段。但是，稀有片段及稀有杂交带型的出现频率高于正常组。这一结果对深入探讨胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因稀有片段及稀有杂交带型对胃癌的诊断价     

Anterior mediastinal mass in a young man.

The case is presented of a patient in whom the diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome was made only after a mediastinal teratoma was discovered. Chest physicians should be aware of this association since they are often the first to evaluate patients with mediastinal masses.     

梅花髓内针和交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的比较

目的 :比较梅花髓内针和交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法 :采用梅花针和交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折共 70例 ,比较两组的固定方法、术后处理、愈合时间、肢体与关节功能恢复情况、适应症的选择以及交锁髓内钉的应用体会。结果 :随访 10月～ 2 4月 ,骨折全部愈合 ,梅花针组 4 7例 ,平均愈合时间 7.5个月 ;交锁髓内钉组平均愈合时间 6 .5个月。肢体关节功能恢复 :梅花针组术后肢体成角畸形 15°2例 ,占 4 % ;膝关节活动 <70°3例 ,占 6 %。交锁髓内钉组 ,无成角畸形 ,膝关节活动均恢复正常。结论 :梅花髓内针最好的适应症是股骨干峡部的短斜或横行新鲜骨折 ;交锁髓内钉适应症较广泛 ,可用于所有的股骨干新鲜和陈旧性骨折 ,愈合时间较梅花针短 ,功能恢复良好 ,疗效明显优于梅花髓内针。     

小儿纵隔肠源性囊肿影像学表现及分析

目的 分析小儿纵隔肠源性囊肿及其并发症的影像学表现及诊断。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例小儿纵隔肠源性、神经肠源性囊肿及其并发畸形、感染及出血时的影像学表现。结果 小儿纵隔肠源性囊肿多位于中后纵隔，呈圆形或椭圆形，密度均匀，边缘清楚。较大时可占据一侧胸腔的大部分。并发感染时囊肿壁模糊，囊内密度增高；囊肿穿孔后可与支气管相通，引起吸入性肺炎及咯血。神经肠源性囊肿均存在脊椎畸形。25％病例同时存在腹部肠重复畸形。结论 小儿纵隔肠源性囊肿少见，除囊肿本身的特点以外，还须注意其他伴发征象，诊断应依靠临床和综合影像学分析。     

新生SD大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤早期线粒体内膜跨膜电势的变化

【目的】　了解缺氧缺血性脑损伤 (HIBD)早期脑细胞△Ψm的变化。　【方法】　 7日龄新生大鼠随机分为正常对照组 (n =6) ,HIBD组 (n =3 6,分为HIBD后 0、1、2、3、4h时间点组 )。予以右颈总动脉分离结扎后再置8%O2 低氧舱 2 .5h ;断头处死后分离左右大脑半球制成单细胞悬液 ,加入终浓度为 1μmol的罗丹明 12 3于 3 7℃避光孵育 45min后 ,以流式细胞仪测定△Ψm并计算左右大脑半球△Ψm比值。　【结果】　正常P7SD大鼠左、右侧大脑半球脑细胞△Ψm分别为 ( 18.2 1± 1.2 6)MFL和 ( 18.93± 0 .74)MFL ,右∶左比值为 1.0 6。HIBD损伤使双侧大脑半球脑细胞△Ψm降低程度更明显 ,其中HIBD后 0h时△Ψm右∶左比值比正常时降低了 2 4.5 %(P <0 .0 5 )。HIBD后 1～ 3h时间内 ,△Ψm稍有回升。HIBD后 4h时HI损伤侧△Ψm值及右∶左比值均出现第二次降低现象 ,且程度更重 ,其中右 :左比值比正常时降低了 3 4%(P <0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　HIBD早期脑细胞△Ψm出现两次降低 (初次及二次降低 ) ,分别发生在HI损伤 0h和 4h时 ,提示有关改善线粒体功能的治疗尽量在△Ψm出现第二次降低前应用