指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。     

STYLOID PROCESS SYNDROME LENGTFI AND PALPATION OF THE STYLOLD PROCESS

In 1980, 267 patients with related symp- toms were examined by tomography in our hos- pital. Among them the styloid process (SP) of 128 cases were 30 mm or more in length. Pha- ryngeal palpation was performed in 98. The SPs of 61 patients were palpable and tender. Diagno- sis was based on the related symptoms, tomogra- phy, positive pharyngeal palpation and SP tender- ness. Tomography showed that the longest SP was 75 mm, while the longest one with symptoms was 65 mm. The medial angulations of the SPs were from 100 t0 27° and the anterior angulations from 300 t0 50°.     

Overexpression/amplification of HER-2/neu is uncommon in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most prevalent fatal cancers in the world. Despite advances in early diagnosis and improvements in surgical techniques, the survival of patients with HCC even after resection is poor because of the high incidence of recurrences. Therefore, the identification of prognostic factors may be helpful in the development of new treatment protocols. AIMS： To investigate HER-2/neu status in HCC by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and fluorescence in situ hybridisation （FISH）, and to explore the possibility of using trastuzumab in the treatment of HCC. METH ODS： Eight hundred and sixty eight surgical samples from patients with primary HCC were examined for their HER-2/neu status. IHC for HER-2/neu was performed with the HercepTest kit; FISH analysis was performed with the PathVysion HER-2 DNA probe kit. The correlations between HER-2/neu overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed statistically. RESULTS： HER-2/neu overexpression was detected in 21 （2.42%） of the 868 primary HCCs. Only one specimen showed HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH. No significant associations were found between HER-2/neu overexpression and the clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS： There is a low frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression/amplification in HCC. There appears to be no role for HER-2/neu as a prognostic marker and no benefit of anti-HER-2/neu trastuzumab treatment in patients with HCC.     

MED术中应用自制器械处理后纵韧带钙化及骨赘增生

目的探讨脊柱后路显微内镜(microendoscopic disectomy,MED)手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并后纵韧带钙化及椎体后缘骨赘增生的方法. 方法 MED手术中应用自制弧形纤维环刀和L形打入器治疗115例该类患者. 结果全组随访12～30个月,平均22个月,按MacNab标准:优、良109例,可5例,差1例,优良率94.8(109/115).未出现硬脊膜破裂及神经孙上,未发生椎间隙感染,无中转开放手术. 结论正确运用MED技术,配合采用自制器械及相应的改良方法,能较好地处理合并后纵韧带钙化及椎体后缘骨赘增生的难题,进一步扩大了手术适应证范围,提高了疗效及安全性.     

18F-FDG PET can replace conventional work-up in primary M staging of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Conventional work-up (CWU) with chest radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and skeletal scintigraphy has limited value in M staging of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our aim was to evaluate whether (18)F-FDG PET could replace CWU by comparing their diagnostic efficacies. METHODS: Patients with histologically proven nonkeratinizing NPC and no prior treatment were prospectively enrolled. All study participants underwent CWU and (18)F-FDG PET for primary M staging. Distant metastasis was considered to be present if there was any reliable evidence identified within 1 y after diagnosis. The comparative diagnostic efficacies of (18)F-FDG PET, CWU, and the combination of (18)F-FDG PET and CWU (PET+CWU) were evaluated using the areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Sixty-one (20.3%) of 300 eligible patients were found to have distant metastases. On a patient-based analysis, (18)F-FDG PET was found to be more effective than CWU (P < 0.001), whereas it was equally effective with PET+CWU (P = 0.130). On region-based analyses, (18)F-FDG PET was more effective than skeletal scintigraphy and chest radiography for detecting bone metastases (P < 0.001) and chest metastases (P < 0.001), respectively. (18)F-FDG PET and abdominal ultrasound were equally effective for detecting hepatic metastases (P = 0.127). On region-based analyses, the combination of (18)F-FDG PET and CWU did not yield any noticeable increase in diagnostic efficacy. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET can replace CWU in primary M staging of nonkeratinizing NPC.     

癌症病人症状与生活质量的相关性研究

[目的]探讨恶性肿瘤病人的症状对生活质量(QOL)的影响,以寻找提高其生活质量的护理对策。[方法]采用癌症病人生存质量表,对600例住院恶性肿瘤病人进行调查,并分析其症状与生活质量的相关性。[结果]癌症病人生活质量总分83.00分±22.00分,且症状与生活质量呈负相关(r=0.289,P<0.05)。[结论]在护理过程中,应根据病人的具体情况,实施护理干预,积极控制病人症状,以提高癌症病人生活质量。     

Cutaneous Metastasis From Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland is very rare. OBJECTIVE: To present an unusual case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. METHODS: A 63-year-old woman with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the abdomen and a gradually enlarged mass over the right parotid area was examined. A skin biopsy was taken from one of the abdominal nodules. RESULT: Skin biopsy demonstrated the characteristic histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. A subsequent computerized tomography of the head and neck revealed a huge soft tissue mass involving the right parotid gland. Computerized tomography of the chest revealed extensive nodular pleural thickening, and pleural biopsy also showed typical histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. All of these results are consistent with the diagnosis of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland with disseminated metastases. CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. The presentation of cutaneous metastasis is often nonspecific and may mimic benign lesions. Subcutaneous nodules that are rapidly developing or eruptive, are rapidly growing and have stony hardness in nature, have pain or tenderness, and have nonhealing ulceration remind us of the possibility of cutaneous metastases. Dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons should keep the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis in mind and always perform skin biopsy when encountering these lesions.     

影响肝外伤手术死亡的危险因素分析

目的分析影响肝外伤手术死亡的危险因素,探讨其临床意义。方法根据AAST和ISS标准,回顾性分析90例肝外伤手术病例,对影响手术死亡的危险因素进行单因素比较和Logistic回归分析。结果死亡15例,其中Ⅲ级2例、Ⅳ级4例、Ⅴ级9例,总体手术死亡率17%。Ⅳ~Ⅴ级肝外伤手术方式的单因素比较提示:清创性肝切除术的相对危险度是0.73;而规则性肝切除术、肝静脉或肝后下腔静脉修补术相对危险度分别是1.32、1.52。Logistic回归分析提示:ISS分会和术中失血量是影响手术死亡率的2个独立因素。结论ISS分值、术中失出血量和手术方式是影响肝外伤手术死亡的3个重要因素,娴熟的手术技能和合理的手术方式可以减少术中出血量和降低手术死亡率。     

人胎盘微绒毛膜的制备及其转铁蛋白受体研究

作者分别用差速离心法及蔗糖梯度离心法制备胎盘微绒毛膜(PMM),用受体放射分析法研究了PMM的转铁蛋白受体(TfB),结果表明:两种方法制备的PMM均可用于受体分析,但差速离心法更为简便。测定60例产妇PMM的TfR,其数目为3.53±1.98×10~(12)个位点/mg膜蛋白,最大结合容量为6.33±4.21×10~(-12)mol/mg膜蛋白,Kd值为4.95±3.39×10~(-9)mol/L。受体结合反应体系最适实验条件为,膜蛋白浓度每管50μg,标记物浓度每管50 000cpm,孵育30分钟,B/F分离的聚乙二醇浓度为12％(W/V)。对TfR的特性研究表明:TfR与转铁蛋白的结合具有高度亲和力、高度特异性及可饱和性。