龚定国考

经考证,著《内府秘传经验女科》的龚定国是明末名医龚廷贤之子。     

上海市50岁及以上人群维生素D水平与握力的关联研究

目的 探讨上海市≥50岁人群维生素D水平与握力的关系。方法 数据来源于WHO全球老龄化与成人健康研究我国上海市2018-2019年数据,采用logistic回归模型分析维生素D水平与握力的关系,进一步按照性别、年龄及乳制品摄入情况进行分层;采用限制性立方样条曲线绘制维生素D水平与低握力的剂量-反应曲线。结果 共4 391人纳入研究,其中男性2 054人（46.8%）;年龄（67.02±8.81）岁;低握力1 421人（32.4%）;维生素D不足及缺乏分别为1 533人（34.9%）和401人（9.1%）。在调整相关混杂因素后,logistic回归分析结果显示,维生素D缺乏的人群发生低握力的风险更高（OR=1.41,95%CI：1.09~1.83）;在男性中,调整相关混杂因素后,维生素D缺乏与低握力发生风险呈显著正相关（OR=1.67,95%CI：1.12~2.50）,而女性中两者之间无关联（OR=1.30,95%CI：0.97~1.74）;在60~69岁及≥80岁年龄组中,调整相关混杂因素后,维生素D缺乏与低握力发生风险呈显著正相关（OR=1.57,95%CI：1.05~2.35;OR=2.40,95%CI：1.08~5.31）,在乳制品摄入<250 ml/d的人群中,调整相关混杂因素后,二者之间呈显著正相关（OR=1.57,95%CI：1.17~2.09）,而在乳制品摄入≥250 ml/d的人群中无明显关联。限制性立方条样图显示,低握力的发生风险可能随维生素D含量的上升而降低,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 维生素D水平与握力存在一定的关系,维生素D缺乏人群出现低握力的风险更高。     

浅谈护士长的公关意识及作用

本文从5个方面论述了公关意识及其临床作用。即①塑造形象的意识;②服务公众的意识;③沟通交流的意识;④创新审美的意识;⑤真诚互惠的意识。通过对其作用的论述,旨在引起广大护理工作者对公共关系的重视,从而促进护理学科发展。     

雷公藤多甙对肾性蛋白尿患者外周血单个核细胞作用的研究

通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳, Ｈ Ｅ 染色和流式细胞仪检测用雷公藤多甙治疗肾性蛋白尿患者 ２ 周后外周血单个核细胞的凋亡情况。经治疗后患者外周血单个核细胞在形态上出现典型的细胞核固缩、碎裂,琼脂糖凝胶电泳显现特征性的“梯状”带,流式细胞仪上出现亚二倍体峰。提示雷公藤多甙能诱导肾性蛋白尿患者外周血单个核细胞的凋亡。     

端头修饰PEO有序膜的制备及其微摩擦性能的初步研究

以对氨基苯磺酸修饰聚乙二醇端头,制备兼具刚性与极性端头的聚合物,考察其制备ＬＢ膜与自组装膜的条件,用原子力／摩擦力显微镜表征自组装膜的表面形貌,对其微摩擦性能进行初步的探讨。     

KD306型耐硫甲烷化催化剂有效扩散系数的测定

基于开发的计算机取样系统,采用ＳＰＳＲ法脉冲动态测试ＫＤ３０６型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的有效扩散系数。线性化和参数估值的结果吻合较好,证实：线性化简化是合理的,参数估值是可用于有效扩散系数。ＫＤ３０６型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的曲折因子为７．２。     

The effect of Xin’an capsule on ventricular arrthythmia in animals) on ventricular arrthythmia in animals

Objective: To observe the effects of Xin’an capsule (XAC) on experimental ventricular arrhythmia (EVA) in animals and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods: Three types of animal arrhythmic model (ventricular arrythmia in guinea pigs induced by Ouabin, in rats caused by reperfusion after ligation of descending anterior branch of coronary artery and by CaCl₂) were used to study the effects of XAC on ventricular arrhythmia (VA).Results: After XAC treatment, the dosage of Ouabin needed for inducing ventricular premature beat (VPB), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) increased in guinea pigs. The sustaining time of reperfusion induced VT and total occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias decreased. XAC also showed an effect in increasing CaCl₂ dosage needed to cause VA, and decreased the occurrence of VF and death in rats     

肺癌患者血浆GST-π水平测定及其临床意义

探讨肺癌患者手术和化疗前后血浆ＧＳＴ－π水平的变化。方法应用ＲＩＡ方法对３２例手术和２６例化疗的肺癌患者进行动态检测。结果无论手术还是化疗前后患者血浆ＧＳＴ－π水平均明显高于正常对照组。     

Free fatty acids impair hepatic insulin extraction in vivo

Hyperinsulinemia is a common finding in obesity and results from insulin hypersecretion and impaired hepatic insulin extraction. In vitro studies have shown that free fatty acids (FFAs), which are often elevated in obesity, can impair insulin binding and degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes. To investigate whether FFAs impair hepatic insulin extraction (E(H)) in vivo, either saline (SAL) or 10% Intralipid (0.03 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) plus heparin (0.44 U x kg(-1) x min(-1)) (IH) was infused into normal dogs to elevate FFA levels. Insulin was infused intraportally at 18 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 150 min (period A, high insulin dose), and then at 2.4 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) for another 150 min (period B, low insulin dose). After the low portal insulin dose, additional insulin was infused peripherally at 8.4 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 120 min (period C) to assess the clearance of insulin from the peripheral plasma. In 16 paired experiments, FFA levels were 1,085 +/- 167, 1,491 +/- 240, 1,159 +/- 221 micromol/l (IH) and 221 +/- 44, 329 +/- 72, 176 +/- 44 micromol/l (SAL) in periods A, B, and C, respectively. Peripheral insulin levels were greater with IH (P < 0.001) than with SAL in all periods (1,620 +/- 114, 126 +/- 12, 1,050 +/- 72 pmol/l for IH vs. 1,344 +/- 168, 96 +/- 4.2, 882 +/- 60 pmol/l for SAL). Glucose clearance was impaired by IH in all periods (P < 0.05), whereas glucose production was slightly increased by IH during period B. Peripheral insulin clearance (Cl) and E(H) were calculated from the insulin infusion rate and insulin concentration data in each period by taking into account the nonlinearity of insulin kinetics. Cl was lower (P < 0.01) with IH (9.6 +/- 0.6, 12.0 +/- 0.9, 10.2 +/- 0.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) than with SAL (11.2 +/- 1, 13.6 +/- 0.7, 11.9 +/- 0.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) in periods A, B, and C. E(H) was also lower (P < 0.05) with IH (25 +/- 4, 40 +/- 5, 32 +/- 5%) than with SAL (30 +/- 2.8, 47 +/- 3, 38 +/- 3%). We conclude that FFAs can impair hepatic insulin extraction in vivo at high and low insulin levels, an effect that may contribute to the peripheral hyperinsulinemia of obesity.     

Effects of pre- and postnatal cysteamine exposure on renal function in the rat

The safety of cysteamine after renal transplantation and during pregnancy is an important issue, since girls with cystinosis are in better health on cysteamine therapy and thus more likely to become pregnant. In the first study, cysteamine was given to pregnant rats on days 6.5–18.5 post conception in oral doses of 0, 37.5, 75, 100, and 150 mg/kg per day. The dams were sacrificed on day 20.5, the fetal kidneys removed and prepared for histological examination. In the second study, cysteamine was given to dams on days 6.5–19.5 post conception in oral doses of 0, 37.5, 50, and 75 mg/kg per day. Dams were allowed to give birth naturally and pups were given cysteamine on days 4–21 to yield the same oral doses of cysteamine given to the dam. Renal function was evaluated on day 35. Histological examination of fetal kidneys revealed no changes even in kidneys from fetuses with growth retardation and malformations. Furthermore, there were no alterations in renal function in offspring on day 35. These findings demonstrate that cysteamine therapy does not affect renal development in the rat. Further investigations will be required to prove whether cysteamine therapy has the potential to affect renal development in the human. Received: 25 September 1998 / Revised: 17 November 1998 / Accepted: 13 December 1998