结直肠癌化疗患者营养状况及营养治疗研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的消化道肿瘤，其营养不良发生率高且严重。化疗是结直肠癌常见治疗方式之一，并与营养不良独立相关，化疗后患营养不良风险增大且营养不良进一步加重。同时，营养不良可导致患者化疗疗效差及预后不良，并增加化疗相关不良反应、影响患者生活质量及降低生存率等。营养治疗能够有效改善患者营养状况，在肿瘤综合治疗中有重要作用，且多学科团队合作是有效的营养干预模式。目前营养治疗主要包括营养咨询、口服营养补充剂、肠内营养和肠外营养等，相关指南和研究表明在营养治疗时应首选口服营养补充剂及肠内营养，仅在采用以上治疗后仍存在营养不足或无法进行肠内营养时行肠外营养。本文主要对结直肠癌患者营养状况与化疗之间关系、营养治疗的最新研究进展及相关指南进行综述，以期引起临床上对结直肠癌化疗患者营养治疗方面重视并提供参考。     

The Relationship between College Graduate’s Dual Self-Consciousness and Job Search Clarity: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between college graduates’ dual self-consciousness, job search clarity and perceived stress, and reveal the mediating role of perceived stress between dual self-consciousness and job search clarity. In this study, 467 college graduates were investigated using the Dual Self-Consciousness Scale, Job Search Clarity Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. After controlling for gender, age, and region, the results revealed that: (1) private self-consciousness has a significant positive predictive effect on job search clarity; (2) perceived stress has a significant negative predictive effect on job search clarity; (3) perceived stress plays partial mediation effects between private self-consciousness and job search clarity; (4) perceived stress plays complete mediation effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity; (5) perceived stress has suppressing effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity.     

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目的对儿童血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)的传统诊断程序与新诊断程序进行卫生经济学评价。方法采用回顾分析方法,根据不同的诊断程序(即传统诊断程序和新诊断程序),将1995年1月至2005年5月北京大学第一医院儿科确诊的81例VVS患儿分为2组,分别计算其就诊费用、检查费用、住院日、确诊日等,运用经济学最小成本分析法进行评价。结果新诊断程序的平均就诊费用比传统诊断程序少耗费1668.80元;新诊断程序的平均就诊检查费用比传统诊断程序少耗费1413.30元。结论新诊断程序对确诊儿童血管迷走性晕厥具有良好的经济学效益,值得临床推广。     

如何提高缺血性脑血管病超声检测技术的准确性

脑血管疾病(cerebral vascular disease,CVD)是造成人类死亡和致残的重要原因.根据CVD病变原因可分为出血性和缺血性两大类,文献报道70%～80%是缺血性脑血管病(ischemic cerebral vascular disease,ICVD);根据病变部位分为颅内和颅外段动脉病变.确定血管病变部位及血流动力学变化,是采用不同治疗方法的关键.……     

中国优秀马拉松运动员ACE基因I/D多态性频率分布特征

通过分析中国马拉松运动员ACE基因I/D多态频率分布特征,探讨其作为杰出耐力基因标记的可行性。选择我国马拉松健将、国际健将级运动员26名作为马拉松运动员组,汉族学生216名作为对照组。对两组受试者进行ACE基因I/D多态性测定。结果显示:我国马拉松运动员组的等位基因频率和基因型频率与对照组比较无显著差异,其中15名国际健将中无一DD型纯合子,提示我国优秀马拉松运动员的纯合子DD型频率低下是其ACE基因多态频率分布的主要特征。     

胃间质瘤的影像学诊断

胃间质瘤(gastric stromal tumor,GST)是一种较少见的独立起源于胃肠道原始间叶组织的非定向分化的肿瘤,属于消化道间叶性肿瘤[1]。本文报告经手术、病理和免疫组织化学检测9例GST的影像学表现,并探讨其影像学检查的诊断价值。1材料与方法1.1一般资料本组男5例,女4例,年龄43~70岁,平均52岁。临床表现上腹部不适、胀痛、乏力和纳差9例,恶心呕吐5例,黑便3例,消瘦、便秘2例,胃手术史1例。病程1~6个月。查体腹部触及包块6例。1.2方法9例行B超检查,8例行上消化道造影检查,6例行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,2例行MRI平扫和增强扫描。手术9例均行光…     

Genetic variations of HSD11B2 in hypertensive patients and in the general population, six rare missense/frameshift mutations.

Mutations in the gene encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, HSD11B2, cause a rare monogenic juvenile hypertensive syndrome called apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension. Here, we have studied whether genetic variations in HDS11B2 are implicated in essential hypertension in Japanese hypertensives and the general population. By sequencing the entire coding region and the promoter region of HDS11B2 in 953 Japanese hypertensives, we identified five missense mutations in 11 patients (L14F, n = 5; R74H, n = 1; R147H, n = 3; T156I, n = 1; R335H, n = 1) and one novel frameshift mutation (4884Gdel, n = 1) in a heterozygous state, in addition to 19 genetic variations. All genetic variations identified were rare, with minor allele frequencies less than 0.005. Four of 12 patients with the missense/frameshift mutations showed renal failure. Four missense mutations, L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H, were successfully genotyped in the general population, with a sample size of 3,655 individuals (2,175 normotensives and 1,480 hypertensives). Mutations L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H were identified in hypertensives (n = 6, 8, 3, and 0, respectively) and normotensives (n = 8, 12, 5, and 0, respectively) with a similar frequency, suggesting that these missense mutations may not strongly affect the etiology of essential hypertension. Since the allele frequency of all of the genetic variations identified in this study was rare, an association study was not conducted. Taken together, our results indicate that missense mutations in HSD11B2 do not substantially contribute to essential hypertension in Japanese.     

下肢静脉性溃疡外科治疗方法探讨

目的探讨治疗下肢静脉溃疡有效、简单的方法。方法清除下肢静脉溃疡分泌物及坏死组织,创面以胰岛素与庆大霉素混合液湿敷,创面清洁后行常规手术,术后继续用上述方法处理创面。结果全部溃疡创面在1￣6周内愈合,术后35例随诊最短4个月,最长6年无溃疡复发。结论下肢静脉性溃疡应早期手术,术前、术后用胰岛素和庆大霉素混合液湿敷溃疡创面是一种简单、安全、经济、治疗时间短的有效方法。     

胰岛素使用方法的研究进展

胰岛素治疗是糖尿病治疗的重要内容,也是使糖尿病患者血糖达标的有效方法。严格的血糖控制对糖尿病慢性并发症的预防和延缓发生有重要意义,然而目前各国的糖尿病血糖控制达标率均不足50%。患者甚至包括医生对低血糖的恐惧是启动胰岛素治疗和达到最佳胰岛素治疗的主要障碍之一。     

加强基础与临床研究提高肛肠外科诊治水平

20世纪是肛肠外科迅速发展的时期,对于其早期经典学说或具有争议的问题,近年来都有了新的认识和解释。即使对一些很常见疾患的认识,也发生了根本的变化。长期盛行的痔静脉曲张学说,已被否定;常见的慢性便秘症状,用肛肠动力学解释, 越来越受到学术界的公认。尤其是全直肠系膜切除术(TME),因其可明显降低直肠癌局部复发率,提高