全文获取类型
收费全文 | 438814篇 |
免费 | 41105篇 |
国内免费 | 30441篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3348篇 |
儿科学 | 5562篇 |
妇产科学 | 4950篇 |
基础医学 | 48774篇 |
口腔科学 | 7380篇 |
临床医学 | 61731篇 |
内科学 | 59864篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4754篇 |
神经病学 | 21639篇 |
特种医学 | 16200篇 |
外国民族医学 | 264篇 |
外科学 | 39423篇 |
综合类 | 81462篇 |
现状与发展 | 109篇 |
一般理论 | 34篇 |
预防医学 | 31496篇 |
眼科学 | 12566篇 |
药学 | 47531篇 |
482篇 | |
中国医学 | 28091篇 |
肿瘤学 | 34700篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1480篇 |
2023年 | 6448篇 |
2022年 | 16816篇 |
2021年 | 21191篇 |
2020年 | 16649篇 |
2019年 | 13653篇 |
2018年 | 14243篇 |
2017年 | 13635篇 |
2016年 | 12571篇 |
2015年 | 19566篇 |
2014年 | 24378篇 |
2013年 | 21995篇 |
2012年 | 32753篇 |
2011年 | 36872篇 |
2010年 | 24625篇 |
2009年 | 19942篇 |
2008年 | 24502篇 |
2007年 | 24552篇 |
2006年 | 23591篇 |
2005年 | 22767篇 |
2004年 | 14940篇 |
2003年 | 14266篇 |
2002年 | 11796篇 |
2001年 | 10164篇 |
2000年 | 10143篇 |
1999年 | 10493篇 |
1998年 | 6700篇 |
1997年 | 6429篇 |
1996年 | 5009篇 |
1995年 | 4606篇 |
1994年 | 3899篇 |
1993年 | 2532篇 |
1992年 | 3073篇 |
1991年 | 2656篇 |
1990年 | 2272篇 |
1989年 | 1967篇 |
1988年 | 1641篇 |
1987年 | 1487篇 |
1986年 | 1169篇 |
1985年 | 844篇 |
1984年 | 450篇 |
1983年 | 336篇 |
1982年 | 182篇 |
1981年 | 207篇 |
1980年 | 140篇 |
1979年 | 183篇 |
1978年 | 73篇 |
1977年 | 53篇 |
1974年 | 42篇 |
1972年 | 37篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
It is hypothesized that persons who use drugs (PWUD) in Vietnam who are also HIV-positive may face additional challenges in psychosocial outcomes, and these challenges may extend to their family members. In this study, we examined depressive symptoms, stigma, social support, and caregiver burden of HIV-positive PWUD and their family members, compared to the outcomes of HIV-negative PWUD and their family members. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessment data were gathered from 83 PWUD and 83 family members recruited from four communes in Phú Th? Province, Vietnam. For PWUD, although we observed a general decline in overall stigma over time for both groups, HIV-positive PWUD consistently reported significantly higher overall stigma for all three periods. Depressive symptoms among family members in both groups declined over time; however, family members of HIV-positive PWUD reported higher depressive symptoms across all three periods. In addition, family members of HIV-positive PWUD reported lower levels of tangible support across all three periods. Caregiver burden among family members of HIV-positive PWUD increased significantly over time, whereas the reported burden among family members of HIV-negative PWUD remained relatively unchanged. The findings highlight the need for future interventions for PWUD and family members, with targeted and culturally specific strategies to focus on the importance of addressing additional stigma experienced by PWUD who are HIV-positive. Such challenges may have direct negative impact on their family members' depressive symptoms, tangible support, and caregiver burden. 相似文献
122.
目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者不同脂质参数与糖尿病肾病(DKD)发生的相关性。方法:检测226例T2DM患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平及相关生化指标,计算血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)以及脂质三角相关指标(TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C)。根据DKD临床诊断标准和Mogensen分期标准分为:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期组136例,Ⅲ期组55例,Ⅳ~Ⅴ期组35例。应用多因素logistic回归分析不同脂质参数与DKD发生的关系。结果:与Ⅰ~Ⅱ期组相比,随着DKD分期加重,TC、TG、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、AIP水平明显增高(P<0.01)。LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP与24 h尿蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0.724;r=0.769,均P<0.05)。LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP是T2DM合并DKD患者的独立预测因子(P=0.002;P=0.004)。结论:LDL-C/HDL-C和AIP对T2DM合并DKD病情进展有较高的预测价值,可为临床诊治提供参考。 相似文献
123.
124.
Xia Li Wang Junni Xie Xishao Xiang Shilong Zhang Xiaohui Chen Jianghua Han Fei 《中华肾脏病杂志》2020,36(7):497-502
Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) caused by lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, or primary glomerulonephritis who were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and then withdrew PD because of renal recovery. Methods Data of the above patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed as RPGN and received PD therapy in Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from February 2009 to August 2018. The patients were divided into early withdrawal group (PD time≤183 days, n=24) and late withdrawal group (PD time>183 day, n=24). The differences of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The cumulative incidence of adverse events in both groups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Results Forty-eight RPGN patients were included. The median time of maintaining PD was 178(76, 378) days. Compared with the late withdrawal group, the patients in early withdrawal group had lower levels of urine volume, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone, and lower rates of gross hematuria and hypertension at the beginning of PD, and received higher rates of methylprednisolone impulse, combined immunosuppressive agents, and hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (all P<0.05). At the time of PD withdrawal, the levels of serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone in the early withdrawal group were significantly lower than those in the late withdrawal group (all P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival of patients in both groups (log-rank test χ2=3.485, P=0.062). Cox regression analysis revealed serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR=5.253,95%CI 1.757-15.702, P=0.003). Conclusions PD can be used for RPGN patients caused by lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and primary nephritis. Serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. 相似文献
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
Jennifer C. Sasaki Ashley Allemang Steven M. Bryce Laura Custer Kerry L. Dearfield Yasmin Dietz Azeddine Elhajouji Patricia A. Escobar Albert J. Fornace Jr Roland Froetschl Sheila Galloway Ulrike Hemmann Giel Hendriks Heng-Hong Li Mirjam Luijten Gladys Ouedraogo Lauren Peel Stefan Pfuhler Daniel J. Roberts Véronique Thybaud Jan van Benthem Carole L. Yauk Maik Schuler 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2020,61(1):114-134
In May 2017, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee hosted a workshop to discuss whether mode of action (MOA) investigation is enhanced through the application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. As AOPs are a relatively new approach in genetic toxicology, this report describes how AOPs could be harnessed to advance MOA analysis of genotoxicity pathways using five example case studies. Each of these genetic toxicology AOPs proposed for further development includes the relevant molecular initiating events, key events, and adverse outcomes (AOs), identification and/or further development of the appropriate assays to link an agent to these events, and discussion regarding the biological plausibility of the proposed AOP. A key difference between these proposed genetic toxicology AOPs versus traditional AOPs is that the AO is a genetic toxicology endpoint of potential significance in risk characterization, in contrast to an adverse state of an organism or a population. The first two detailed case studies describe provisional AOPs for aurora kinase inhibition and tubulin binding, leading to the common AO of aneuploidy. The remaining three case studies highlight provisional AOPs that lead to chromosome breakage or mutation via indirect DNA interaction (inhibition of topoisomerase II, production of cellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of DNA synthesis). These case studies serve as starting points for genotoxicity AOPs that could ultimately be published and utilized by the broader toxicology community and illustrate the practical considerations and evidence required to formalize such AOPs so that they may be applied to genetic toxicity evaluation schemes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:114–134, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
130.