中文版感知社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中的信效度分析

目的 检验中文版感知社会支持量表（the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, MSPSS）在老年癌症患者中应用的信效度。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,使用中文版感知社会支持量表对老年癌症患者进行调查,并对结果进行信效度检验。结果 共收到有效问卷520份,中文版感知社会支持量表的Cronbach α系数为0.877;探索性因子中共提取出公因子3个,累积方差贡献率为69.5%;通过验证性因子分析得出GFI、CFI、IFI指标范围在0.855～0.921之间。结论 中文版社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中应用具有良好的信效度,可用于评估该人群感知社会支持水平。     

The study of tuberculosis outbreak in a high school—Shanghai,China, 2017–2018

Journal of Public Health - To investigate the attack rate of active tuberculosis (TB) cases and detection rate of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cases, and to identify possible factors...     

肉桂醛通过PINK1/Parkin信号通路介导的线粒体自噬促进糖尿病大鼠创面愈合机制

目的 采用高糖高脂饲料喂养联合腹腔注射链尿佐菌素（STZ）及手术制备全层皮肤缺损的方法制备糖尿病大鼠创面模型,观察肉桂醛对糖尿病大鼠创面愈合情况的影响,并基于PTEN诱导假定激酶（PINK）1/帕金森病蛋白（Parkin）信号通路介导的线粒体自噬探讨肉桂醛对糖尿病大鼠创面的治疗机制。方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组12只,糖尿病组36只,糖尿病组随机分为模型组、肉桂醛组和贝复新组,每组12只,空白组与模型组创面常规消毒后予生理盐水,肉桂醛组创面局部外敷含4 μmol·L^-1肉桂醛的聚乙二醇400（PEG 400）凝胶,贝复新组创面外敷贝复新凝胶,每日换药1次。观察各组创面愈合率,取干预后7、14 d大鼠创面组织,苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察局部组织病理变化,免疫组化（IHC）检测白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、胶原纤维的表达情况,免疫荧光（IF）、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测PINK1、Parkin、微管相关蛋白1轻链3Ⅱ（LC3Ⅱ）蛋白和mRNA的表达情况。结果 腹腔注射STZ后,与空白组比较,糖尿病组大鼠随机血糖值显著升高（P<0.01）,均高于16.7 mmol·L^-1,且在造模后一段时间持续保持高血糖状态。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠创面肉芽组织生长、愈合情况较差,创面愈合率显著降低（P<0.01）;干预后7 d,空白组创面已有鳞状上皮覆盖,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠创面仅创缘少量结痂,创面中大量炎细胞浸润,组织IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达水平显著上升（P<0.01）,PINK1、Parkin、LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达及mRNA水平显著降低（P<0.01）;干预后14 d,空白组创面肉芽组织成熟,愈合良好,与空白组比较,模型组创面炎细胞浸润和红细胞渗出尚未完全消退,组织VEGF、胶原纤维蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）,PINK1、Parkin、LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达及mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,肉桂醛组和贝复新组大鼠创面愈合情况较好,创面愈合率显著升高（P<0.01）,干预后7 d组织IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）,PINK1、Parkin及LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达及mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.01）,干预后14 d组织VEGF、胶原纤维蛋白表达水平显著上升（P<0.01）,PINK1、Parkin、LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达及mRNA水平显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 肉桂醛能促进糖尿病创面愈合,上调创面愈合率,降低炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的水平,增加VEGF、胶原纤维蛋白的水平,其机制可能是通过调节PINK1/Parkin信号通路表达,激活线粒体自噬,抑制炎症反应,增加血管新生和胶原合成,从而达到促进糖尿病大鼠创面愈合的目的。     

CO2激光联合重组干扰素治疗下生殖道病变临床研究

目的：探究人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染并阴道上皮内瘤变(VAIN)患者采用干扰素配合CO₂激光治疗的应用效果。方法：选取常德市第一人民医院2017年7月至2019年7月收治的194例HPV感染并VAIN患者,依据随机数字表法分组为A组(64例,采用CO₂激光治疗),B组(64例,采用CO₂激光配合保妇康栓治疗),C组(66例,采用CO₂激光配合干扰素治疗),比较各组患者的疗效。结果：治疗后C组患者的阴道出血量、阴道排液量低于A组、B组,且阴道出血时间、阴道排液时间少于A组、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后C组患者不同时间段的病变逆转率均高于A组、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后2年各组患者恶化率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。C组患者的不同时段病变复发率均低于A组、B组,且不同时段HPV转阴率均高于A组、B组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论：干扰素配合CO₂激光治疗可显著减轻本研究患者术后阴道出血...     

Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.     

Diet Quality and Cognitive Performance in Australian Adults Aged 55–85 Years: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Hunter Community Study Cohort

There is a lack of evidence to determine if diet quality is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality is associated with cognitive performance among older adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), comparing diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), along with validated cognitive performance instruments the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were undertaken in adults aged 55–85 years, living in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Adjusted linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the lowest ARFS quintile, those in the highest quintile had an ARCS score 5.883 units greater (p < 0.001; R² = 0.0098). Furthermore, when quintiles of ARFS score were tested against each ARCS sub-scale score, statistically significant associations were observed with the greatest effect for the Memory (β = 4.055; p = 0.001; R² = 0.0065) and Attention (β = 4.136; p = 0.002; R² = 0.0047) domains. No statistically significant associations were observed between quintiles of ARFS and MMSE score in the adjusted linear regression analyses. In conclusion, a positive association was observed between diet quality and cognitive performance within this sample of older Australian adults. Further investigation of the above association over time, when follow-up data becomes available, in longitudinal analysis is recommended.     

Effects of a Short-Term “Fat Adaptation with Carbohydrate Restoration” Diet on Metabolic Responses and Exercise Performance in Well-Trained Runners

Periodized carbohydrate availability can enhance exercise capacity, but the effects of short-term fat adaptation carbohydrate restoration (FACR) diets on metabolic responses and exercise performance in endurance athletes have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a FACR diet on measures of resting metabolism, exercise metabolism, and exercise performance. Well-trained male runners (n = 8) completed a FACR dietary intervention (five days’ carbohydrate < 20% and fat > 60% energy, plus one-day carbohydrate ≥ 70% energy), and a control high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diet for six days (carbohydrate > 60% energy; fat < 20% energy) in a randomized crossover design. Pre- and post-intervention metabolic measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), maximum fat oxidation rate during exercise (MFO), and maximum fat oxidation intensity (FATmax). Measures of exercise performance included maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), running economy (RE), and 5 km running time trial (5 km-TT). In FACR compared with HCHO, there were significant improvements in FATmax (p = 0.006) and RE (p = 0.048). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between FACR and HCHO in RMR, RQ, VO₂max, or 5 km-TT. Findings suggest that a short-term (six days) FACR diet may facilitate increased fat oxidation and submaximal exercise economy but does not improve 5 km-TT performance.     

Dietary Habit Is Associated with Depression and Intelligence: An Observational and Genome-Wide Environmental Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort

Dietary habits have considerable impact on brain development and mental health. Despite long-standing interest in the association of dietary habits with mental health, few population-based studies of dietary habits have assessed depression and fluid intelligence. Our aim is to investigate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence. In total, 814 independent loci were utilized to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 143 dietary habit-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analyses were then conducted to evaluate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence, respectively. PLINK 2.0 was utilized to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × dietary habit interaction effect on the risks of depression and fluid intelligence. We detected 22 common dietary habit-related traits shared by depression and fluid intelligence, such as red wine glasses per month, and overall alcohol intake. For interaction analysis, we detected that OLFM1 interacted with champagne/white wine in depression, while SYNPO2 interacted with coffee type in fluid intelligence. Our study results provide novel useful information for understanding how eating habits affect the fluid intelligence and depression.     

SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Exhaled by Experimentally Infected Cynomolgus Monkeys

We analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. Most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. By postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus.     

北京市胎儿及婴儿先天性脑积水发生情况及婴儿期转归

目的通过对北京市5年先天性脑积水(CH)监测资料分析,了解北京市胎儿及婴儿的CH发生率、诊断及转归。 方法选择2015年1月至2019年12月,北京市出生缺陷监测系统内监测对象(胎龄为13周至生后1岁)中,407例CH患儿(胎儿或婴儿)为研究对象。对其出生缺陷诊断资料进行分析。采用χ²检验,对孤立性与非孤立性CH活产儿婴儿期存活率进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果本研究时间(5年)内,北京市胎儿及1岁内婴儿的CH发生率为3.60×10^-4(407/1 129 861)。这407例CH患儿中,82例(20.15%)合并颅外畸形,20例(4.91%)合并染色体异常;CH胎儿的产前诊断率为92.38%(376/407),超声检出CH胎儿时,其胎龄为24周(23~35周),其中胎龄≥28周者占26.06%(98/376)。376例产前被诊断的CH胎儿中,44例采取产前胎儿超声联合MRI检查,而且通过胎儿MRI检查对4例胎儿的颅内畸形具体类型进行了补充诊断。本研究未发现CH患儿的孕母合并宫内感染;103例CH活产儿中,73例孤立性CH患儿的婴儿期(1岁内)存活率为72.6%(53/73),高于30例非孤立性CH患儿的婴儿期存活率(60.0%,18/30),二者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论北京市在预防出生缺陷发生的三级防控体系中,对CH胎儿与婴儿的一级、二级防控已取得效果。对孕妇全孕期多次动态胎儿超声检查,必要时联合胎儿MRI检查,对非孤立性CH胎儿同时采取细胞遗传学和分子遗传学检测,可进一步提高CH患儿的防控效果。