Effect of neuromediators on the acid-base balance

Acute and chronic experiments on dogs showed correlation between the state of the adrenergic, cholinergic, and serotoninergic systems, on the one hand, and the acid-base balance of the animal on the other hand. An excess of each mediator was accompanied by respiratory alkalosis and a deficiency by mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Kazan' Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 525–528, November, 1978.     

The immunometaboic effects of benfotiamine and riboxine on hemolytic anemia

Single (80 mg/kg) or multiply repeated (30 mg/kg) intramuscular injections of phenylhydrazine decrease the functional activity of mononuclear blood cells and the reduces immunological reactivity of the organism. Benfotiamine and riboxin decrease the extent of changes in the immunological response to a single administration of phenylhydrazine but do not significantly influence the immunological functions impaired by repeated injections of the hemolytic toxin.     

A study of demyelination of nerve fibers using dynamic phase contrast microscopy

Dynamic phase microscopy was used for evaluation of changes in myelinated axon segment in the paranodal region of nerve fibers during demyelination. Normally paranodal myelin sheath is characterized by regular oscillations of the optical path difference with frequences of 4.2 and 6.7 Hz. Demyelination decreased the amplitude and conduction velocity in nerve fibers and shifted the characteristic frequencies of optical path difference oscillations to 2.8, 3.2, and 11 Hz. These shifts of optical path difference frequencies probably resulted from disturbances in the state of charged phospholipids and a decrease in the level of bound Ca²⁺ during demyelination of nerve fiber.     

Delayed radiation-induced optic neuropathy in patients with tumors in the chiasmal-sellar area after radiation therapy

Six clinical observations of a rare condition, delayed radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RON) are presented. RON developed in patients with brain tumors treated by radiotherapy and radiosurgery; in the majority of patients the condition developed during exposure to therapeutic doses; its incidence was 0.5% of the total number of patients treated by radiotherapy during this period. Asymmetrical chiasmal syndrome developed rapidly in all the patients. Clinical diagnosis of RON was confirmed by magnetic resonance tomography in all cases, and in one case by morphological analysis. Conservative therapy including hyperbaric oxygenation just stabilized the visual function. Remote period of observation was 42 months.     

Indices of static and dynamic components of pressure load (assessed by 24-hour blood pressure monitoring) and the state of renal function in patients with essential hypertension

Aim of this study was to evaluate possible relationship between parameters of blood pressure (BP) profile and glomerular filtration rate in patients (pts) with I-II stage essential hypertension (EH). Material and methods. We studied 120 pts (97 men), aged 23-65 (50,2+/-0,6) years with I (n=98) and II (n=22) stage EH. In BP profile (SL-90207) we calculated 24-hour, daytime, nighttime values of systolic, diastolic, pulse pressures (SBP, DBP, PP), time load (TL), variability and nocturnal fall (NF) of BP. The state of renal function was assessed by measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by the Cockcroft formula. Results. After nonlinear statistical analysis by Gauss-Newton all patients were divided into three groups according to GFR tertiles. Significant differences were found between these groups by 24-hour, nighttime and daytime values of SBP and DBP. Values of SBP were the lowest in group II. In group II lowest values of PP were also observed, but statistically significant differences were found only in nocturnal PP values between groups II and III. There were no significant differences between groups by TL and NF of BP. In group Ill (high GFR) variability of daytime values of SBP and DBF were significantly higher. Univariate correlation analysis showed statistically significant negative relationship between GFR and nocturnal PP in patients with lowest level of GFR. Positive correlations between nocturnal values of PP and GFR in groups II and III were also observed. Conclusion. These results indicated the presence of strong relationship between high values of nocturnal PP and decreasing of glomerular filtration rate in patients with EH and thus confirmed significance of "constant" and "dynamic" components of pressure load as a marker of impairment of renal function.     

Pharmacological activity of synthetic prostaglandin analogs

The results of studies on the biological activity of seven synthetic analogues of prostaglandins are presented. All the analogues under study possess uterotonic, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activity; all the compounds except S1 induce diarrhea. The synthetic analogues studied decrease transiently and slightly the arterial blood pressure.     

The pathomorphological changes in the liver and immune system organs of golden hamsters with experimental opisthorchiasis and tuberculosis infections

It has been established that lymphoid tissue involution caused by mixed experimental tuberculosis-opisthorchiasis infection was accompanied by a considerable attenuation of fibrosis and less intensive inflammatory destructive changes and liver fibrosis, as compared to monoinvasion with opisthorchis. In mixed infection there was a decrease in immunoreactivity of animals as assessed by the number of antibody-forming spleen cells per immunization with sheep red blood cells, compared to opisthorchiasis monoinvasion and a slight increase in this parameter compared to tuberculosis monoinfection.