冠心病患者不对称二甲基精氨酸和同型半胱氨酸对一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的影响

目的探讨冠心病患者不对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法冠心病患者60例和健康体检者30例,测定其ADMA、Hcy、NOS和NO以及血糖、血脂等。结果冠心病组和对照组的ADMA分别为(1.30±0.58)μmol/L和(0.57±0.18)μmol/L、Hcy分别为(31.53±13.26)μmol/L和(20.98±6.39)μmol/L、NOS分别为(5.06±1.82)μ/mg蛋白和(7.03±1.37)μ/mg蛋白、NO分别为(2.56±0.95)nmol/L和(4.21±1.12)nmol/L,两组之间的差异显著(P<0.01)。经相关分析,NOS和NO分别与ADMA和Hcy呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者ADMA和Hcy显著增高,NOS活性降低和NO水平下降与ADMA和Hcy增高有关。     

Investigation of 89 candidate gene variants for effects on all-cause mortality following acute coronary syndrome

Background  

Many candidate genes have been reported to be risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but their impact on clinical prognosis following ACS is unknown.     

Disturbed erythrocyte calcium homeostasis and adenine nucleotide dysregulation in canine phosphofructokinase deficiency

Muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency (PFKD) causes a hemolytic disorder and exertional myopathy in humans and dogs. In humans, PFKD is accompanied by a disturbed calcium homeostasis and associated adenine nucleotide dysregulation, which may potentiate the erythroenzymopathy associated with this inherited disorder. This study shows that canine PFKD also manifests these erythrocyte abnormalities. Compared to normal, healthy red cells, PFK-deficient erythrocytes contain lower concentrations of ATP and higher concentrations of IMP and calcium, the latter as per a calcium indicator dye. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) enriched 5000-fold from canine erythrocytes adsorbs to immobilized calcium–calmodulin and the interaction between these two proteins activates AMPD through a K _mapp effect. This behavior is similar to that of the human erythrocyte enzyme and provides a potential contributing mechanism for accelerated adenine nucleotide turnover in canine PFKD. We propose that adenine nucleotide replacement strategies could benefit the erythroenzymopathy in human and canine PFKD and that the dog model of this disorder is an appropriate vehicle for further elucidating this hypothesis.     

选择性破坏胰腺A细胞的模型大鼠大脑皮层神经毡突触的电镜观察

目的　探讨选择性破坏胰腺A细胞的模型大鼠胆碱能神经元的变化。方法　选用硝酸钴和利血平选择性破坏大鼠胰腺A细胞后电镜观察大脑皮层神经毡胆碱能神经元突触的变化。结果　硝酸钴组模型大鼠脑突触内含胆碱能神经递质乙酰胆碱的清亮小泡比对照组明显减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,利血平组清亮小泡比对照组明显增多 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　这种内源性乙酰胆碱的变化可能与胰腺A细胞损伤有关 ,提示胆碱能神经除受其上级中枢调节外 ,还受某些内分泌细胞的影响     

An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus

A new SARS animal model was established by inoculating SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) into rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) through the nasal cavity. Pathological pulmonary changes were successively detected on days 5-60 after virus inoculation. All eight animals showed a transient fever 2-3 days after inoculation. Immunological, molecular biological, and pathological studies support the establishment of this SARS animal model. Firstly, SARS-CoV-specific IgGs were detected in the sera of macaques from 11 to 60 days after inoculation. Secondly, SARS-CoV RNA could be detected in pharyngeal swab samples using nested RT-PCR in all infected animals from 5 days after virus inoculation. Finally, histopathological changes of interstitial pneumonia were found in the lungs during the 60 days after viral inoculation: these changes were less marked at later time points, indicating that an active healing process together with resolution of an acute inflammatory response was taking place in these animals. This animal model should provide insight into the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-related pulmonary disease and greatly facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS.     

Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 in the embryogenesis of the rodent filaria <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litomosoides sigmodontis</Emphasis>

To examine the role that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like molecules from the filarial intracellular endobacteria Wolbachia might play in the development of filarial infections, a natural infection in the LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mouse strain was compared to that of the LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mouse strain. C3H/HeN mice have been shown to be susceptible to the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis, with the development of adult worms including females containing mature microfilariae (first stage larvae) in the uterine tubes. However, free microfilariae are not detected. In this study the worm burden and worm length were not significantly different between the C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice. However, the fertility of worms from CeH/HeJ mice was found to be higher than those from C3H/HeN mice. Significantly, mature microfilariae were found at the site of infection only in C3H/HeJ mice. These results indicate a role for TLR4 signaling in the immune response that inhibits worm embryogenesis and prevents the release of microfilariae or directly kills released microfilariae.     

司帕沙星对试验动物的一般药理研究

小鼠单次经口灌服司帕沙星4、20和100mg/kg后,动物的活动正常,未出现兴奋的抑制作用;小鼠单次经口灌服司帕沙星4、20和100mg/kg,与戊巴比妥钠镇静催眠无明显协同作用;给猫静脉注射司帕沙星4、16和64mg/kg,对动物呼吸和心血管系统无明显影响。     

Innovations in curriculum design: A multi-disciplinary approach to teaching statistics to undergraduate medical students

Background  

Statistics is relevant to students and practitioners in medicine and health sciences and is increasingly taught as part of the medical curriculum. However, it is common for students to dislike and under-perform in statistics. We sought to address these issues by redesigning the way that statistics is taught.     

DNA prime followed by protein boost enhances neutralization and Th1 type immunity against FMDV

Prime-boost strategy has been exhibited its potency to enhance immune responses, which would be important to the success to develop a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). An eukaryotic expression construct encoding the FMDV capsid VP1 protein with a recombinant VP1 protein or a commercial FMDV vaccine were tested in the prime-boost strategy in mice and cattle trials. The levels of induced specific antibodies, T cell proliferations, and DTH activities were significantly higher in the prime-boost groups than in those vaccinated with DNA, protein or FMDV vaccine alone. More importantly, the levels of neutralizing antibodies in the former groups were significantly higher than others and could last for at least four months in cattle trials. This study suggests that the prime-boost strategy significantly improves the effective immunity and may provide a longer protection against FMDV infection.