基于TCGA数据初步探查肝内胆管癌预后相关基因

目的 分析tCGA数据库中肝内胆管癌（ICC）高通量测序数据，寻找其预后相关基因，构建风险模型，并研究其在ICC组织中表达及作用通路。方法 下载tCGA数据库中33例ICC组织和8例癌旁组织中的RNA-seq表达矩阵数据和患者临床资料信息，利用edgeR软件包进行基因差异表达分析，通过单因素Cox回归分析筛选出预后相关差异基因，对差异基因绘制生存曲线，筛选出具有临床意义的基因，经多因素Cox回归分析并构建风险模型，通过京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析了解预后相关基因的作用通路。结果 通过edgeR分析后得到6 617个差异基因（筛选标准为|log2 Fold Change|＞1，P＜0.05），其中高表达组4 094个，低表达组2 523个。通过功能富集发现，这些基因主要集中在化学物致癌作用、药物代谢-细胞色素P450系统、细胞色素P450对异生物质的代谢影响以及视黄醇代谢通路。经单因素Cox回归、R软件“survival”包生存曲线分析显示，UCN2、CST1、PROS1、SLC35E4、PEMT五个基因对ICC患者预后存在显著性影响。通过多因素Cox回归分析，CST1、PEMT、PROS1构建的风险模型对ICC患者预后具有判断作用。结论 UCN2、CST1、PROS1、SLC35E4、PEMT基因可能成为ICC预后判断指标，为后续临床试验提供数据支持。     

肺移植缺血再灌注损伤肺保护的研究进展

随着医学的发展,肺移植存活率得到了明显改善。但由于肺耐受缺血时间较其它实体器官短,因而缺血再灌注损伤已经成为肺移植术后高死亡率的主要原因之一。阐明其发生机制并寻求相应的治疗措施是当今医学界亟待攻克的一项重要课题。本文就从缺血再灌注损伤的发生机制方面对肺移植缺血再灌注肺损伤保护的研究进展作一综述。     

Additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough: A Cochrane systematic review

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of additional bedtime H₂‐receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) in suppressing nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) via a systematic review. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966–June 2004), EMBASE (January 1980–June 2004) and CINAHL (January 1982–June 2004). Additional hand‐searching was conducted on the proceedings of correlated conferences, eight important Chinese journals and references of all included trials. All randomized controlled trials evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB were eligible for inclusion. The systematic review was conducted using methods recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Only two randomized crossover studies, comprising 32 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Because the design, dosage and duration of the treatments were different between the studies, it was not possible to conduct meta‐analysis. There were no consistent conclusions found between the two included studies in evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB. CONCLUSIONS: No implications for practice at this stage can be concluded. Appropriately designed large‐scale randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow up are needed to determine the effects of additional bedtime H₂RAs in suppressing NAB.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤1例

患者,女,17岁。偶然发现左上腹肿块10余天入院。无恶心、呕吐。查体:皮肤巩膜无黄染,浅表未及肿大淋巴结,左上腹扪及一包块,大小约10·5 cm×10·0 cm,边界清晰,无压痛,肝脾肋下未及。实验室检查未见异常。B超示:胰尾见一9·5 cm×8·6 cm肿物,呈囊实性,回声不均匀,边界清晰。CT示:胰尾见一类圆形囊实性肿块,大小约8·9 cm×8·5 cm,边界清晰,壁厚薄不均,见多个壁结节(图1),肝内胆管及胰管未见扩张,左肾受压。增强后壁结节呈明显强化,肿瘤胰腺交界处呈杯口状改变(图2)。CT诊断:胰尾良性占位。手术所见:胰尾扪及一肿物,大小约9·6 cm×8·8…     

胃镜检查诊断十二指肠钩虫病45例报告

钩虫病是小肠寄生虫病,常与上消化道病变并存,常规胃镜检查时发现十二指肠钩虫具有偶然性。本文在行胃镜检查的14 850例中检出十二指肠钩虫45例。提示医师在常规胃镜检查过程中,对十二指肠尤其降部应仔细观察,一旦发现寄生虫应及时取出化验确诊。     

阿尔茨海默病患者的执行功能障碍

目的了解阿尔茨海默病(A lzhe im er d isease,AD)患者执行功能损害状况及对于生活能力的影响,探讨执行功能障碍与记忆等AD常见认知功能损害的相关性。方法运用神经心理学测验的方法对40例AD患者及30例轻度认知功能损害(m ild cogn itive impairm ent,MC I)患者进行执行功能、记忆及其他认知功能检查,同时进行生活能力评定。另外选择40名健康老人作对照。结果AD组的执行功能测验成绩均显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01),其中额叶功能评定量表(FAB)(5.29±2.47)分,执行性画钟作业(CLOX1)(4.63±3.56)分,Stroop测验错误次数(Stroop1)(14.17±8.99)分,词语流畅性测验(RVR)(17.56±10.51)分。除Stroop测验反应时间(Stroop2)外,MC I组的其他执行功能测验成绩显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05),其中FAB为(7.67±2.44)分,CLOX1为(7.86±3.78)分,Stroop1为(7.21±8.07)分,RVR为(30.86±8.38)分。用多元逐步回归方法分析不同认知功能对生活能力的影响,结果为反映执行功能的FAB测验成绩处于第一位,独立与操作性日常生活能力(IADL)相关(β=-0.778,t=-7.079,P<0.01)。各项执行功能测验与年龄相关性不明显(r=0.026~0.250,P>0.05),与简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、记忆测验成绩相关性好(r=0.438~0.786,P<0.01)。结论AD患者具有明显的执行功能障碍;在尚未到达痴呆水平的MC I阶段也可发现执行功能损害。执行功能和整体认知功能及记忆等认知域功能具有良好的相关性。AD患者的执行功能障碍是导致生活能力下降的重要因素。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

心血管造影在复杂和(或)复合先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨心血管造影在先天性心脏病（简称先心病）复杂和（或）复合畸形中的应用价值。方法 分析360例复杂和（或）复合畸形造影所见及其与超声心动图等临床检查的联系。结果 本组360例（包括75例肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损、62例右室双出口、60例法乐四联症、52例单心室、42例大动脉错位、15例三尖闭锁、6例冠状动脉异常、5例完整型肺静脉畸形连接、5例完全型心内膜垫缺损、4例共同动脉干、3例室间完整的肺动脉闭锁、7例其他病例和24例外科术后检查）心血管造影和超声对比，纠正后者误、漏诊分别为34、30例及对合并畸形误诊16例。对复杂和（或）复合畸形中体肺侧支血管、冠状动脉畸形和肺动脉段分支及其异常的检测和诊断优于超声心动图，并可测量肺动、静脉压力及体肺侧支血管压力而优于其他影像学检查方法。结论 对于先心病复杂和（或）复合畸形的疑难病例诊断和鉴别诊断，尤其显示体、肺及冠状动脉分支的全貌及相关病变，以及测量肺动脉和心室压力等，心血管造影（含DSA）仍有重要或不可替代的作用。     

脉冲微波治疗前列腺炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨脉冲微波治疗前列腺炎的效果。方法收治前列腺炎病人532例。用南京亿高ECO—100型电脑微波前列腺炎治疗仪,经肛门途径发射脉冲微波,前列腺部位温度控制在41℃~42℃,每次持续45~60min,共七次。以显效、有效为判断疗效标准。结果17~25岁组显效47.93%,有效52.07%,26~45岁组显效52.06%,有效47.94%,两组有效率100%。结论脉冲微波经肛门途径治疗前列腺炎效果明显,有推广价值。     

超高龄老年人脑损伤致伤因素分析及护理对策

目的 探讨老年人颅脑损伤的发病因素和护理措施.方法 对1999～2003年在解放军总医院定点就医的一组老年人群(年均18 492人)共210例颅脑损伤患者发病时的身体状况,发病率及受伤特点,病程及治疗和护理等临床资料进行回顾性总结.该组老年人在建档案时已被分为2个亚组:超高龄组年龄限(平均年龄79.75岁,1 978例)和老年组年龄限(平均年龄69.42岁,16514例).以同期其他人群的脑损伤187例作为对照组,并进行2组回顾资料的比较.结果 按意向处理分析397例均进入结果分析.发病率及受伤特点:超高龄组发病率明显高于老年组,多为摔伤;老年组和对照组均为交通伤占主要伤因.治疗及病程:对照组和老年组中均有超过80%患者接受手术治疗,而超高龄组仅有53.40%的患者接受手术治疗.预后:各组的死亡率和重残比率均无明显差别.结论 老年人群的脑损伤致伤原因主要是摔伤,同时多患有单器官或多器官的疾病;老年人脑损伤占用医疗资源多,但经积极治疗和采取有效的护理措施,仍可获得较好的疗效;回顾性资料记载超高龄组是能够检索到的国内外老年人脑损伤平均年龄最高的一组,对超高龄脑损伤的相关分析是有临床借鉴意义的.