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81.
Lineage promiscuity in hemopoietic differentiation and leukemia 总被引:28,自引:2,他引:26
An increasing number of reports document instances in which individual leukemic cells coexpress markers normally believed to be restricted to a single lineage. This has been interpreted by McCulloch and colleagues as aberrant programming or lineage infidelity and contrasts with earlier suggestions that lineage fidelity of gene expression was usually maintained in leukemia. We argue that several examples of infidelity are suspect on technical grounds, whereas others are bona fide and require explanation, eg, partial rearrangements and expression of Ig heavy-chain and/or T cell receptor genes in inappropriate cells and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in leukemic myeloblasts. Individual examples of truly aberrant gene expression may well occur in leukemia but with insufficient regularity to be of general significance. We suggest that verifiable and consistent examples of apparent lineage infidelity do not reflect genetic misprogramming but rather the existence of a transient phase of limited promiscuity of gene expression occurring in normal biopotential or multipotential progenitors and able to be preserved as a relic in leukemic blast cell populations that are in maturation arrest. This alternative explanation has interesting implications for mechanisms of hematopoietic differentiation and leads to some testable predictions. 相似文献
82.
Colchicine for recurrent pericarditis in children 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The incidence of recurrence of acute pericarditis in children varies from 15% to 30% and is accompanied by a high morbidity. Various treatment modalities have been used with variable success rates and side effects. La Serna et al. (Lancet 1987; 26: 1517) were the first to treat adults with recurrent pericarditis with colchicine, and were followed by other authors. To our knowledge no studies in children have been reported. In this paper, we present three children who suffered from viral or idiopathic recurrent pericarditis, despite multiple courses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or corticosteroids. They responded remarkably well to colchicine, which was administered for 6 months with no adverse reactions. They continue to do well 18, 11 and 12 months after cessation of treatment, respectively. 相似文献
83.
B Holaday G Waugh V E Moukaddem J West S Harshman 《American journal of public health》1995,85(1):30-33
OBJECTIVES. Cloth diapers with front closure and all-in-one design were compared with paper diapers containing absorbent gel material for their influence on fecal contamination of the environment in licensed child day care centers. METHODS. One infant room and two toddler rooms in each of four day care centers were monitored for the presence of fecal bacteria. Microbial samples were taken from the play/sleep area, the diaper-changing area, and the hands of the caregivers and the children. Sampling was done twice weekly for two 4-week periods. Each center used either cloth or paper diapers during the first period, changing to the other diaper type during the second period. RESULTS. A total of 1722 samples were cultured, 881 during the first 4 weeks and 841 during the second 4 weeks. The frequency of isolation of fecal organisms ranged from a low of 12% of the total bacteria isolates at a center using cloth diapers, to highs of 46% and 45%, respectively, at a center using first paper and then cloth diapers. Sink faucets and the hands of the caregivers and the children were often contaminated. CONCLUSIONS. Analysis of the results of comparisons between cloth and paper diapers showed no significant difference in the frequency (F = .380, P < .535) or the intensity of fecal contamination in child day care centers. 相似文献
84.
Induced drug resistance inhibits selection of initiated cells and cancer development 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Compounds exerting a mitoinhibitory effect on normal hepatocytes are potent
promoters in the resistant hepatocyte model of chemical carcinogenesis in
combination with stimulation of regenerative growth by partial hepatectomy
or treatment with carbon tetrachloride. 2- Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)
almost completely inhibits liver cell regeneration after partial
hepatectomy, allowing only resistant cells to participate in regenerative
growth. After initiation by diethylnitrosamine and promotion with 2-AAF and
partial hepatectomy (PH), focal growth of initiated cells generates liver
lesions which occupy 40% of the hepatic volume three weeks after PH. In
this work the mechanism for the anti promoting effects of phenobarbital and
3- methylcholantrene were investigated as well as their effects on the
development of malignant hepatocellular carcinoma in the resistant
hepatocyte model. Treatment with phenobarbital or, especially, 3-
methylcholanthrene rendered normal rat hepatocytes resistant to the
mitoinhibitory effect of 2-AAF. In combination with 2-AAF/PH, 3-
methylcholanthrene shortened the regenerative growth period to less than
one week. In the Solt-Farber protocol for experimental
hepatocarcinogenesis, treatment with phenobarbital or 3- methylcholanthrene
during promotion with 2-AAF/PH permitted hepatocytes surrounding the focal
lesions to respond with regenerative growth. The foci and surrounding liver
grew until the liver/body mass index reached the control value. With
phenobarbital treatment the total focal volume was 20% of the liver volume
three weeks after PH, whereas the corresponding value in the case of
3-methylcholanthrene was only 1%. Labelling index data supported the
conclusion that growth of the liver lesions in the resistant hepatocyte
model was dependent on differential inhibition of normal hepatocyte growth
by the promoter and that the size of the foci obtained was related to the
length of time after PH required to complete liver regeneration.
3-methylcholanthrene induced 2- AAF resistance prevented the development of
large persistent nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma while phenobarbital
delayed cancer development with several month. The data thus supports the
idea that the degree of clonal expansion during promotion determines the
size of the population at risk for malignant transformation, as well as the
final frequency of carcinomas.
相似文献
85.
86.
Jorge D. Ramos Jonathan T. Wingate Roman Gulati Elizabeth R. Plimack Lauren C. Harshman Thomas Powles Simon J. Crabb Guenter Niegisch Joaquim Bellmunt Sylvain Ladoire Ugo De Giorgi Syed Hussain Ajjai S. Alva Jack Baniel Neeraj Agarwal Jonathan E. Rosenberg Ulka N. Vaishampayan Matthew D. Galsky Evan Y. Yu 《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2018,16(1):e161-e167
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in cancer patients, but there is limited data on patients with urothelial tract tumors (UTT). We previously identified several associative factors for increased VTE rates in patients with metastatic UTT. In this study, we assessed the frequency, associative factors, and impact on survival of VTE in patients with locoregional UTT.Methods
Patients with locoregional bladder, upper urinary tract, or urethral cancer were included in this multi-center study from 29 academic institutions. Patients with < cT2, > N1, or M1 disease at diagnosis were excluded. Patients with incomplete clinical staging or miscoded/missing data were excluded. Cumulative, unadjusted VTE incidence was calculated from time of diagnosis of muscle-invasive disease, excluding VTEs diagnosed in the metastatic setting. χ2 statistics tested differences in VTE rates across baseline and treatment-related factors. Significant covariates were incorporated into a multivariate, logistic regression model. Overall survival stratified by VTE was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and evaluated using the log-rank test.Results
A total of 1732 patients were eligible. There were 132 (7.6%) VTEs. On multivariate analysis, non-urothelial histology (P < .001), clinical Nx stage (P < .001), cardiovascular disease (P = .01), and renal dysfunction (P = .04) were statistically significant baseline factors associated with VTE. Using surgery alone as reference, surgery with perioperative chemotherapy (P = .04) and radiation with concurrent chemotherapy (P = .04) also were significant.Conclusions
The VTE incidence of 7.6% in locoregional disease is comparable with our previously reported rate in the metastatic setting (8.2%). Similar to our findings in metastatic UTT, non-urothelial histology, renal dysfunction, and CVD was associated with increased VTE risk. 相似文献87.
0 引言 东方人接受皮肤磨削术治疗后色素沉着的发生率明显高于西方人.尽管采用了目前被认为是最适宜亚洲人的铒激光治疗,色素沉着仍可发生.因此,在实施该手术治疗前应严格掌握适应证,制定严密的预防治疗措施,使得色素沉着的发生率降至最低,从而最大限度的防止医疗纠纷的发生.1 对象和方法1.1 对象 21例患者,男2例,女19例,平均年龄29.2(08~48)岁.皱纹祛除8例,浅表疤痕7例,浅咖啡斑、黑子5例,不良纹眉1例.铒激光其它适应证:①老年斑;②细小皱纹;③“白皮肤”雀斑;④痤疮后疤痕⑤色素减退… 相似文献
88.
Inhaled dry powder mannitol in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomised efficacy and safety trial
K De Boeck E Haarman J Hull LC Lands A Moeller A Munck J Riethmüller H Tiddens S Volpi J Leadbetter B Charlton A Malfroot 《Journal of cystic fibrosis》2017,16(3):380-387
Introduction
Inhaled mannitol has beneficial effects on lung function, mucociliary clearance, quality of life and sputum properties. This trial examined the efficacy of inhaled mannitol in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods
The efficacy of inhaled mannitol in children with CF aged 6–17 years was assessed in a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Subjects were randomly assigned to mannitol 400 mg every 12 h or matching placebo for 8 weeks, followed by an 8 week washout and an 8 week period with the alternate treatment. The primary endpoint was the absolute change from baseline in ppFEV1 (percent predicted FEV1).Results
A total of 92 subjects were studied, with a mean age of 12 years and mean baseline ppFEV1 of 72.2%. During mannitol treatment ppFEV1 was 3.42% (p = 0.004) higher compared to placebo or a 4.97% (p = 0.005) relative difference; relative change from baseline FEF25-75 was 10.52% (p = 0.013). During mannitol treatment, acute post-treatment sputum weight was higher (p = 0.012). In pre-specified subgroups (rhDNase use, age, and disease severity), the treatment differences consistently favoured mannitol. The most common AEs were cough and pulmonary exacerbations. Pulmonary exacerbation AEs were approximately 30% lower in the mannitol group.Conclusions
In children with CF, inhaled mannitol was associated with significant improvements in lung function and sputum weight, irrespective of rhDNase use, age or disease severity. Inhaled mannitol was well tolerated and was associated with a reduced incidence of pulmonary exacerbation AEs. (Clinical Trials.Gov: NCT 01883531) 相似文献89.
Jennifer J. Thomas PhD Kendra R. Becker PhD Megan C. Kuhnle BA Jenny H. Jo MA Stephanie G. Harshman PhD Olivia B. Wons BS Ani C. Keshishian BA Kristine Hauser NP Lauren Breithaupt PhD Rachel E. Liebman PhD Madhusmita Misra PhD Sabine Wilhelm PhD Elizabeth A. Lawson MD MMSc Kamryn T. Eddy PhD 《The International journal of eating disorders》2020,53(10):1636-1646
90.
JC?CohenEmail author M?Gyansa-Lutterodt K?Torpey LC?Esmail G?Kurokawa 《Globalization and health》2005,1(1):17
There are acute disparities in pharmaceutical access between developing and industrialized countries. Developing countries
make up approximately 80% of the world's population but only represent approximately 20% of global pharmaceutical consumption.
Among the many barriers to drug access are the potential consequences of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Many developing countries have recently modified their patent laws to conform to the TRIPS standards,
given the 2005 deadline for developing countries. Safeguards to protect public health have been incorporated into the TRIPS
Agreement; however, in practice governments may be reluctant to exercise such rights given concern about the international
trade and political ramifications. The Doha Declaration and the recent Decision on the Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the
Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health may provide more freedom for developing countries in using these
safeguards. This paper focuses on Ghana, a developing country that recently changed its patent laws to conform to TRIPS standards.
We examine Ghana's patent law changes in the context of the Doha Declaration and assess their meaning for access to drugs
of its population. We discuss new and existing barriers, as well as possible solutions, to provide policy-makers with lessons
learned from the Ghanaian experience. 相似文献